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Airbus A340: A Deep Dive into the Four-Engine Giant
Introduction:
Step aboard a relic of a bygone era of air travel – the Airbus A340. While largely retired from many major airlines, the A340 remains a fascinating aircraft, representing a specific point in aviation history where long-haul flights demanded immense power and range. This comprehensive guide delves into the specifics of the Airbus A340, exploring its design, variants, operational history, and ultimately, its legacy in the world of commercial aviation. We’ll uncover why it was built, why it ultimately faded from prominence, and what made this four-engine jet a unique player in the skies. Get ready for a detailed journey through the world of the Airbus A340.
1. Design and Development: The Genesis of a Long-Haul Champion
The Airbus A340's conception stemmed from a direct response to the Boeing 747 and other wide-body aircraft dominating the long-haul market. Airbus, eager to establish a stronger presence in this segment, aimed to create a technologically advanced, fuel-efficient, and passenger-comfortable alternative. The A340's defining feature was its four-engine configuration, offering unparalleled redundancy and the ability to reach distant destinations without relying on extensive intermediate stops. The design incorporated advanced aerodynamics, lightweight materials (for the time), and a sophisticated flight management system to ensure efficiency and safety. Its wide body allowed for a comfortable passenger experience, even on the longest journeys. Key design considerations included minimizing drag, maximizing fuel efficiency (though this proved to be a continual challenge), and ensuring optimal cabin comfort and noise reduction.
2. Variants and Specifications: A Family of Long-Range Airliners
The A340 family isn't just a single aircraft; it's a collection of variants designed to meet varying operational needs. The A340-200, the initial model, paved the way for the later, more extensively used variants. The A340-300 became particularly successful, establishing itself as a workhorse for numerous airlines. The A340-500 and A340-600 extended the range even further, enabling truly ultra-long-haul flights. These variants differed in terms of passenger capacity, range, and engine specifications. Each version incorporated improvements in fuel efficiency and cabin amenities as technology advanced. Detailed specifications for each variant, including wingspan, length, passenger capacity, and maximum range, are readily available through official Airbus documentation and aviation databases.
3. Operational History and Airlines: A Global Presence and Gradual Decline
The Airbus A340 enjoyed significant success upon its entry into service, finding a place in the fleets of major airlines worldwide. Airlines like Lufthansa, Air France, Singapore Airlines, and Qantas utilized the A340 extensively for their long-haul networks. The aircraft proved reliable and capable, but the twin-engine aircraft, increasingly powered by more efficient engines, began to challenge its dominance in the 2000s. The rising cost of operating four engines, coupled with the advancements in twin-engine technology (allowing for similar range with improved fuel efficiency), ultimately led to a decline in the A340's popularity. Many airlines opted to replace their A340 fleets with more economical twin-engine alternatives, leading to its gradual retirement from service.
4. Legacy and Technological Advancements: A Stepping Stone to the Future
Despite its eventual decline, the Airbus A340 played a crucial role in the advancement of aviation technology. Its design and operational experiences contributed to the development of subsequent Airbus aircraft. The technologies implemented in the A340, such as advanced flight management systems and lightweight materials, paved the way for future improvements in fuel efficiency and operational safety. Although overshadowed by newer, twin-engine aircraft, the A340’s legacy remains in the evolution of long-haul air travel and its contributions to the overall development of commercial aviation. It remains a testament to engineering ambition and the constant pursuit of innovation in the aerospace industry.
5. The Airbus A340 Today: A Look at its Current Status
Many A340s have been retired and are now being scrapped or repurposed. However, some continue to fly with smaller airlines or charter operators. Their presence in the skies is diminishing, but they serve as a reminder of a specific phase in aviation history, a time when four engines were considered necessary for ultra-long-haul flights. The story of the A340 highlights the rapid pace of technological advancement in the aviation industry and the constant quest for efficiency and cost-effectiveness.
Article Outline:
Title: Airbus A340: A Deep Dive into the Four-Engine Giant
Introduction: Hook, overview of the article's content.
Chapter 1: Design and Development: Exploring the origins and key design features of the A340.
Chapter 2: Variants and Specifications: Detailed breakdown of the different A340 models and their technical specifications.
Chapter 3: Operational History and Airlines: Examination of its successful years and subsequent decline.
Chapter 4: Legacy and Technological Advancements: Assessing its lasting impact on aviation.
Chapter 5: The Airbus A340 Today: Current status and future prospects.
Conclusion: Summary of key findings and final thoughts.
(The above outline has been fleshed out extensively within the body of the article itself.)
FAQs:
1. What is the maximum range of the Airbus A340-600? The A340-600 boasts an impressive maximum range, typically exceeding 14,000 kilometers (around 8,700 nautical miles), depending on passenger load and other factors.
2. How many passengers can an Airbus A340-300 typically carry? The passenger capacity of an A340-300 varies depending on the airline's configuration, but it generally ranges between 250 and 300 passengers.
3. Why did the Airbus A340 become less popular? The rising fuel costs associated with four engines, combined with advancements in twin-engine technology offering comparable range and efficiency, led to its decline.
4. Which airlines currently operate the Airbus A340? While many have retired their A340s, a smaller number of airlines and charter operators still use them, but this number is constantly shrinking.
5. What are the key differences between the various A340 models? The main differences lie in passenger capacity, range, and engine type, resulting in various operational capabilities.
6. What is the typical cruising speed of an Airbus A340? The cruising speed is around 900 km/h (approximately 490 knots), although this can vary based on conditions.
7. What type of engines did the Airbus A340 use? Different A340 models used various Rolls-Royce or CFM International engines.
8. Is the Airbus A340 still being produced? No, production of the Airbus A340 has ceased.
9. What is the future of the Airbus A340? Most are likely to be phased out of service in the coming years, with some potentially finding new roles in cargo or specialized operations.
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| airbus a343: ACARS - A Users Guide Lionel K. Anderson MSc, 2010-07-07 Aircraft Communications Addressing and Reporting System (ACARS) is a digital datalink system for transmission of short,and relatively simple messages between aircraft and ground stations using the airband VHF radio link. The message protocol was designed by Aeronautical Radio Incorporated (ARINC) to replace their VHF voice service and deployed in 1978 using telex type format. SITA, a multinational information technology company, later augmented their worldwide data network by adding ground radio stations to provide ACARS service. |
| airbus a343: International Civil Aircrafts Registration Procedures Handbook Volume 1 Strategic Information and Procedures IBP USA, 2006 |
| airbus a343: The World's Most Powerful Civilian Aircraft Paul E. Eden, 2016-12-15 The World's Most Powerful Civilian Aircraft profiles many types, from cargo transports and freighters, through flying boats, passenger airliners, and business jets. Featured aircraft include the Ford Trimotor “Tin Goose,” one of the great workhorses of early aviation history; the supersonic Tupolev Tu-144 “Charger” and Concorde, Cold War competitors in aviation excellence; and the most popular passenger aircraft of the present, including the Boeing 747 and Airbus A380. Each entry includes a brief description of the model’s development and history, a profile view, key features, and specifications. Packed with more than 200 artworks and photographs, this is a colorful guide for the aviation enthusiast. |
| airbus a343: The Design of Aircraft Landing Gear Robert Kyle Schmidt, 2021-02-18 The aircraft landing gear and its associated systems represent a compelling design challenge: simultaneously a system, a structure, and a machine, it supports the aircraft on the ground, absorbs landing and braking energy, permits maneuvering, and retracts to minimize aircraft drag. Yet, as it is not required during flight, it also represents dead weight and significant effort must be made to minimize its total mass. The Design of Aircraft Landing Gear, written by R. Kyle Schmidt, PE (B.A.Sc. - Mechanical Engineering, M.Sc. - Safety and Aircraft Accident Investigation, Chairman of the SAE A-5 Committee on Aircraft Landing Gear), is designed to guide the reader through the key principles of landing system design and to provide additional references when available. Many problems which must be confronted have already been addressed by others in the past, but the information is not known or shared, leading to the observation that there are few new problems, but many new people. The Design of Aircraft Landing Gear is intended to share much of the existing information and provide avenues for further exploration. The design of an aircraft and its associated systems, including the landing system, involves iterative loops as the impact of each modification to a system or component is evaluated against the whole. It is rare to find that the lightest possible landing gear represents the best solution for the aircraft: the lightest landing gear may require attachment structures which don't exist and which would require significant weight and compromise on the part of the airframe structure design. With those requirements and compromises in mind,The Design of Aircraft Landing Gear starts with the study of airfield compatibility, aircraft stability on the ground, the correct choice of tires, followed by discussion of brakes, wheels, and brake control systems. Various landing gear architectures are investigated together with the details of shock absorber designs. Retraction, kinematics, and mechanisms are studied as well as possible actuation approaches. Detailed information on the various hydraulic and electric services commonly found on aircraft, and system elements such as dressings, lighting, and steering are also reviewed. Detail design points, the process of analysis, and a review of the relevant requirements and regulations round out the book content. The Design of Aircraft Landing Gear is a landmark work in the industry, and a must-read for any engineer interested in updating specific skills and students preparing for an exciting career. |
| airbus a343: Airliner Models Anthony J Lawler, 2019-10-08 For most of the past century, beautiful models of airliners have been made to promote their airlines' services in travel agents and their own shops. The models also illustrate the evolution of airliner design over these decades: the wood and fabric biplanes of the 1920s, the broad adoption of all-metal airliners in the 1930s, the first jet airliners of the 1950s, the first wide-body airliners of the 1970s and the pioneering small steps in supersonic air travel are all covered. The increasingly colourful exterior schemes adopted by the airlines, to ensure recognition by aspiring passengers, provide an interesting subtext. For model collectors, the airliner type, makers name, scale, approximate age and the materials used are detailed for each model illustrated. A short history of significant model-making companies is covered. With the onset of online bookings and the closure of airline offices and travel agents, the use of models is fast vanishing forever. The focus of this book is to preserve this fascinating era when models were a significant marketing tool, and to ensure that these models, at least in photographic form, survive as a record for future generations. |
| airbus a343: Airport Design and Operation Antonin Kazda, Robert E. Caves, 2015-08-05 In this third edition the chapters have been enhanced to reflect changes in technology and the way the air transport industry runs. Key topics that are newly addressed include low cost airline operations, security issues and EASA regulations on airports. A new chapter covering extended details about wildlife control has been added to the volume. |
| airbus a343: Ship Design Apostolos Papanikolaou, 2014-09-16 This book deals with ship design and in particular with methodologies of the preliminary design of ships. The book is complemented by a basic bibliography and five appendices with useful updated charts for the selection of the main dimensions and other basic characteristics of different types of ships (Appendix A), the determination of hull form from the data of systematic hull form series (Appendix B), the detailed description of the relational method for the preliminary estimation of ship weights (Appendix C), a brief review of the historical evolution of shipbuilding science and technology from the prehistoric era to date (Appendix D) and finally a historical review of regulatory developments of ship's damage stability to date (Appendix E). The book can be used as textbook for ship design courses or as additional reading for university or college students of naval architecture courses and related disciplines; it may also serve as a reference book for naval architects, practicing engineers of related disciplines and ship officers, who like to enter the ship design field systematically or to use practical methodologies for the estimation of ship's main dimensions and of other ship main properties and elements of ship design. |
| airbus a343: Commercial Airplane Design Principles Pasquale M. Sforza, 2014-01-31 Commercial Airplane Design Principles is a succinct, focused text covering all the information required at the preliminary stage of aircraft design: initial sizing and weight estimation, fuselage design, engine selection, aerodynamic analysis, stability and control, drag estimation, performance analysis, and economic analysis. The text places emphasis on making informed choices from an array of competing options, and developing the confidence to do so. - Shows the use of standard, empirical, and classical methods in support of the design process - Explains the preparation of a professional quality design report - Provides a sample outline of a design report - Can be used in conjunction with Sforza, Manned Spacecraft Design Principles to form a complete course in Aircraft/Spacecraft Design |
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| airbus a343: Aerodynamics for Engineering Students E. L. Houghton, P. W. Carpenter, 2003-02-12 Aerodynamics for Engineering Students, Fifth Edition, is the leading course text on aerodynamics. The book has been revised to include the latest developments in flow control and boundary layers, and their influence on modern wing design as well as introducing recent advances in the understanding of fundamental fluid dynamics. Computational methods have been expanded and updated to reflect the modern approaches to aerodynamic design and research in the aeronautical industry and elsewhere, and the structure of the text has been developed to reflect current course requirements. The book is designed to be accessible and practical. Theory is developed logically within each chapter with notation, symbols and units well defined throughout, and the text is fully illustrated with worked examples and exercises. The book recognizes the extensive use of computational techniques in contemporary aeronautical design. However, it can be used as a stand-alone text, reflecting the needs of many courses in the field for a thorough grounding in the underlying principles of the subject. The book is an ideal resource for undergraduate and postgraduate students in aeronautical engineering. The classic text, expanded and updated.Includes latest developments in flow control, boundary layers and fluid dynamics.Fully illustrated throughout with illustrations, worked examples and exercises. |
| airbus a343: Aerodynamics for Engineering Students Steven H. Collicott, Daniel T. Valentine, E. L. Houghton, P. W. Carpenter, 2012-02-18 Already one of the leading course texts on aerodynamics in the UK, the sixth edition welcomes a new US-based author team to keep the text current. The sixth edition has been revised to include the latest developments in compressible flow, computational fluid dynamics, and contemporary applications. Computational methods have been expanded and updated to reflect the modern approaches to aerodynamic design and research in the aeronautical industry and elsewhere, and new examples of 'the aerodynamics around you' have been added to link theory to practical understanding. - Expanded coverage of compressible flow - MATLAB(r) exercises throughout, to give students practice is using industry-standard computational tools. m-files available for download from companion website - Contemporary applications and examples help students see the link between everyday physical examples of aerodynamics and the application of aerodynamic principles to aerodynamic design - Additional examples and end of chapter exercises provide more problem-solving practice for students - Improved teaching support with PowerPoint slides, solutions manual, m-files, and other resources to accompany the text |
| airbus a343: The Low Cost Carrier Worldwide Sven Gross, Michael Lück, 2016-02-17 Low Cost Carriers (LCCs) have become an integral part of today's air transport and tourism industries. Originating in the United States, the low-cost concept has subsequently been adopted by airlines on all continents. LCCs in Europe and North America, and to some extent in Asia, have already been well covered by academic literature. However, scientific publications on the topic of LCCs in Africa, Latin America, the Middle East, Australia and New Zealand are scarce. This volume provides the first comprehensive overview of developments, the legal framework and the current situation of the low-cost carrier phenomenon across the globe. It contains a dozen chapters, each dedicated to a region, all written by highly experienced and renowned experts from around the world. The Low Cost Carrier Worldwide is written primarily for upper-level undergraduate and postgraduate students, as well as researchers and practitioners within the fields of aviation, transport and tourism. |
| airbus a343: Around the World in 80 Years Jack Nedell, 2012-09 There are 2 parts to the book. The first section covers some of the important events that took place around the world, from the early part of the 19th century, up to the years following World War II. It features the 2 men that I have always admired, both of whom planned and fought against tyranny. Neither of these men actually used weapons in the Second World War, but they did what they had to do, to preserve our freedom. The 2 men are Sir Winston Churchill and my father, both of whom had army careers, dad's lasting for 31 years. Churchill's was a much shorter span, before he moved into Politics. The second part of the book gives details of my travels around the world to 42 countries. To do this, I fl ew a total of 964,995 miles, taking 1430 fl ights on 91 different types of aircraft. In addition I have traveled far more than a million miles by car. There were many times that I got very close to having my life cut short, but somehow I managed to survive, as I am still here at age 79. It was all very interesting to me and I hope that I have been able to convey some of this excitement in what I have written. |
| airbus a343: Handbook for Evaluating Emissions and Costs of APUs and Alternative Systems , 2012 TRB’s Airport Cooperative Research Program (ACRP) Report 64: Handbook for Evaluating Emissions and Costs of APUs and Alternative Systems is designed to help airports evaluate alternatives to aircraft auxiliary power units (APUs). |
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| airbus a343: Springer Handbook of Mechanical Engineering Karl-Heinrich Grote, Hamid Hefazi, 2020-12-09 This resource covers all areas of interest for the practicing engineer as well as for the student at various levels and educational institutions. It features the work of authors from all over the world who have contributed their expertise and support the globally working engineer in finding a solution for today‘s mechanical engineering problems. Each subject is discussed in detail and supported by numerous figures and tables. |
| airbus a343: Case Studies in Asian Management Parissa Haghirian, 2014 There is a lack of knowledge on how corporations in Asia develop strategies, organize their work processes and deal with competition. Western managers and business students need to know more about Asian corporations and their management styles. Learning about Asia, however, has always been a challenging task. The main challenge is the complexity encountered when dealing with Asian management issues, which differ not only for different countries, but also for different types of businesses, not to mention national management preferences and styles. This book tries to fill this gap, by presenting case studies of various Asian countries including China, Japan, India, Korea and The Philippines. The case studies are as diverse as management activities in Asia can be and include a variety of different companies in several Asian countries. This book attempts to present an overview on the variety and complexity of management and business processes in Asian countries. It intends to support business people and students of international management to get a deeper understanding of Asian management practices by presenting practical examples of Asian firms and their strategies. |
| airbus a343: Encyclopedia of African Airlines Ben R. Guttery, 1998 The rainy season, terrain, and financial hardships have made the construction of highways and railroads nearly impossible in many parts of Africa. This lack of modern infrastructure has been overcome in some part by the development of air transportation. Hundreds of carriers--both small and large, government owned and private--have connected all parts of the continent. Together, they have had a tremendous impact on the African economy and the people. Country-by-country, this comprehensive reference work provides brief histories of over 700 airlines in 54 African nations. Each entry has the years of operation of the carrier, along with information on its origin, growth, and route structure. Aircraft usage, including registration numbers and nicknames, is covered in many cases. Any crashes involving aircraft in the carrier's fleet are also noted. An appendix gives the location of all major African airports. |
| airbus a343: Federal Register , 2014-02 |
| airbus a343: Pilot's Career Guide Capt Shekhar Gupta, Niriha Khajanchi, 2019-03-21 Best and latest coverage on International Aviation Training, where to get it and how to finance it. The latest Airline, Corporate, and Air Charter employment opportunities FAQ and most common Pilot's interview questions - and the most frequently made interview mistakes. |
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| airbus a343: Foundations of Airline Finance Bijan Vasigh, 2014-11-13 In recent years the airline industry has experienced severe volatility in earnings, with airlines recording periods of substantial profits that are closely followed by periods of financial distress. This trend has continued into the new millennium, with numerous examples of airlines across the globe entering bankruptcy protection or liquidating. The text provides an introduction to both the basics of finance and the particular intricacies of airline finance where there can be significant fluctuations in both revenues and costs. This new edition also includes: capital budgeting management of current assets financial risk analysis fuel hedging aircraft leasing This textbook contains chapters that cover unique aspects of the aviation financial decision-making process. These include a rigorous and structured presentation of the buy versus lease decision that is prevalent in the industry, a valuation process for aviation assets, the recent trend toward privatization and the difficulty inherent in the valuation of a publicly-owned or semi-publicly owned asset. The Foundations of Airline Finance, now in its second edition, is an introductory text that can be used either as a general financial text or in a specialized class that deals with aviation finance in particular. |
| airbus a343: Air Transportation Robert M. Kane, 2003 The current conditions of the Air Transport industry, as well as expectations for the future, are presented in sections covering the historical and present status of air transportation, regulation and administration of air transportation, air carrier aircraft (Boeing, McDonnell Douglas, Lockheed Martin, Airbus, and National Aero-space), and general aviation. The final legislation of the General Aviation Revitalization Act (1994) is presented in a new chapter. The included disk contains a DOS-based summary of the chapters. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR |
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| airbus a343: Airfield Compatibility Kyle Schmidt, 2022-05-27 Landing gear provides an intriguing and compelling challenge, combining many fields of science and engineering. Designed to guide the interested reader through the fundamentals aircraft wheel, brake and brake control design system, this book presents a specific element of landing gear design in an accessible way. The author’s two volume treatise, The Design of Aircraft Landing, was the inspiration for this book. The Design of Aircraft Landing is a landmark work for the industry and utilizes over 1,000 pages to present a complete, in-depth study of each component that must considered when designing an aircraft’s landing gear. While recognizing that not everyone may need the entire treatise, Aircraft Wheels, Brakes, and Brake Controls: Key Principles for Landing Gear Design is one of three quick reference guides focusing on one key element of aircraft design and landing gear design. This volume features an overview of brakes, aircraft deceleration, brake sizing, brake design, braking accessories, wheels, brake control as well as brake issues and concerns. R. Kyle Schmidt has over 25 years’ experience across three countries and has held a variety of variety of engineering roles relating to the development of new landing gears and the sustainment of existing landing gears in service. |
| airbus a343: Proceedings of IMAC-XIX , 2001 |
| airbus a343: Liberalization in Aviation Hartmut Wolf, Peter Forsyth, David Gillen, Kai Hüschelrath, Hans-Martin Niemeier, 2016-05-06 The last few decades have witnessed substantial liberalization trends in various industries and countries. Starting with the deregulation of the US airline industry in 1978, regulatory restructuring took place in further network industries such as telecommunications, electricity or railways in various countries around the world. Although most of the liberalization movements were initially triggered by the worrying performances of the respective regulatory frameworks, increases in competition and corresponding improvements in allocative and productive efficiency were typically associated with the respective liberalization efforts. From an academic perspective, the transition from regulated industries to liberalized industries has attracted a substantial amount of research reflected in many books and research articles which can be distilled to three main questions: (1) What are the forces that have given rise to regulatory reform? (2) What is the structure of the regulatory change which has occurred to date and is likely to occur in the immediate future? (3) What have been the effects on industry efficiency, prices and profits of the reforms which have occurred to date? Liberalization in Aviation brings together renowned academics and practitioners from around the world to address all three questions and draw policy conclusions. The book is divided into five sections, in turn dealing with aspects of competition in various liberalized markets, the emergence and growth of low-cost carriers, horizontal mergers and alliances, infrastructures, and concluding with economic assessments of liberalization steps so far and proposed steps in the future. |
| airbus a343: Air Pictorial , 2002 |
| airbus a343: Flight Sim 98 Data-Becker, Data Baker, Werner Leinhos, Data Becker, 1998-09 From adventure flights to building your own custom airplanes, this book takes the flight simulator enthusiast through all the tricks of flying the Bell 206B JetRanger helicopter, Cessna Learjet, and Boeing's 737. The book also goes into depth about creating custom scenery and problems with 3D objects, textures, and colors. |
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| airbus a343: Asiamoney , 1995-02 |
| airbus a343: The Best Year of my Life - Ein Jahr als Gastschüler Daniel Bartel, 2014-01-08 Der Autor Claus Daniel Bartel, 1987 geboren, hat 2004/2005 ein Jahr als Austauschschüler in den USA verbracht. Er führte ein ausführliches Tagebuch, in dem er lebendig und voller Offenheit über seine Erlebnisse und Emotionen berichtet. Die erwartungsvolle Neugier vor der Reise, die Beziehung zur Gastfamilie, das bewusste Erleben und Erkennen der eigenen Weiterentwicklung, politische Einsichten – das alles sind Themen, die das Buch zu einem offenen und höchst persönlichen Bericht über ein Jahr machen, das der Autor selbst in voller Überzeugung als das bisher beste seines Lebens bezeichnet. Die unverkrampfte authentische Sprache Claus-Daniel Bartels, gepaart mit einem beachtlichen Schuss Selbstkritik und Humor, lädt zur Identifikation ein. Darüber hinaus gibt das Buch zahlreiche praktische Tipps und Informationen mit über 80 weiterführenden Weblinks: Fragen der Finanzierung und der Organisationen werden ebenso angesprochen wie die Problematik des Wiedereinlebens nach der Rückkehr. So entstand ein wertvoller Begleiter für Schüler, die einen Aufenthalt im Ausland planen, und Eltern, die ihren Kindern diesen Weg der Reifung und Selbstfindung weisen wollen. schüleraustausch-ratgeber.de ISBN des e-Books: 978-3-9502140-4-8 Printausgabe: ISBN: 978-3-9502140-0-0 16,90 €, Versandkostenfreie Bestellung über die Webseite REFERENZ: Wer mit dem Gedanken spielt, ein Jahr im Ausland zu verbringen, kann sich diese aufwändige Recherche künftig sparen. Denn das Buch ist nicht nur ein humorvolles Tagebuch, sondern vor allem ein Ratgeber mit vielen wertvollen Tipps und Hinweisen. Schekker Jugendmagazin |
| airbus a343: Airbus Guy Norris Mark Wagner, By welding the European aerospace industry into a cohesive force and directing the pace of technological change in civil air transport, Airbus Industrie has successfully challenged the competition and now ranks as one of the world's largest commercial jetliner manufacturers. Airbus traces the history of Airbus Industrie's rise to greatness, describing the consortium's head-to-head match with Boeing, and how it is revolutionizing the airliner industry. Each Airbus model is covered in detail. |
| airbus a343: Global Competitiveness of U.S. Advanced-technology Manufacturing Industries United States International Trade Commission, 1993 |
| airbus a343: Global Competitiveness of U.S. Advanced Technology Manufacturing Industries: Large Civil Aircraft, Inv. 332-332 , |
| airbus a343: Global Competitiveness of U. S. Advanced-Technology Manufacturing Industries DIANE Publishing Company, 1995-10 Covers: structure of the global large civil aircraft industry and the market, determinants of competitiveness, government policies influencing competitiveness, overview and comparison of R&D, Western European government budgets, aircraft agreements, and more. Glossary and bibliography. 30 charts, tables and graphs. |
