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The Pituitary Gland: Master Regulator of Your Body's Orchestra
Introduction:
Ever wondered about the silent conductor of your body's vast and complex orchestra? It's not your brain, although it works closely with it. It's the tiny but mighty pituitary gland, a pea-sized powerhouse nestled at the base of your brain. This gland, often overlooked, plays a pivotal role in almost every aspect of your health and well-being, from growth and development to reproduction and stress response. This comprehensive guide will delve deep into the fascinating world of the pituitary gland, exploring its anatomy, functions, related disorders, and diagnostic approaches. We'll unravel the mysteries of this crucial endocrine organ, empowering you with knowledge to better understand your own body.
1. Anatomy and Location of the Pituitary Gland:
The pituitary gland, also known as the hypophysis, is a bi-lobed endocrine gland situated at the base of the brain, within a small, bony cavity called the sella turcica. This strategic location places it in close proximity to the hypothalamus, a crucial region of the brain that exerts significant control over the pituitary's functions. The pituitary is divided into two main lobes: the anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis) and the posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis). The anterior pituitary is responsible for producing and releasing various hormones, while the posterior pituitary stores and releases hormones produced by the hypothalamus. Understanding its location and structure is key to understanding its complex role in the body. The intricate vascular network supplying the pituitary allows for rapid hormonal communication and regulation.
2. Hormones Produced by the Pituitary Gland and Their Functions:
The anterior pituitary produces several critical hormones, each with distinct functions:
Growth Hormone (GH): Essential for growth and development throughout childhood and adolescence. It also plays a role in maintaining muscle mass and bone density in adults. Deficiencies can lead to dwarfism, while excess can cause gigantism or acromegaly.
Prolactin (PRL): Primarily responsible for stimulating milk production (lactation) in women after childbirth. It also plays a role in immune function and other metabolic processes.
Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH): Regulates the function of the thyroid gland, which produces hormones that control metabolism.
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH): Stimulates the adrenal glands to produce cortisol, a crucial hormone involved in stress response, metabolism, and immune function.
Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH): These gonadotropins regulate reproductive function in both men and women. In women, FSH stimulates follicle development in the ovaries, while LH triggers ovulation. In men, FSH stimulates sperm production, and LH stimulates testosterone production.
The posterior pituitary, while not producing hormones itself, stores and releases two crucial hormones synthesized in the hypothalamus:
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) or Vasopressin: Regulates water balance in the body by increasing water reabsorption in the kidneys. A deficiency leads to diabetes insipidus.
Oxytocin: Plays a critical role in childbirth (stimulating uterine contractions) and lactation (stimulating milk ejection). It's also associated with social bonding and feelings of attachment.
3. Pituitary Disorders and Their Symptoms:
Dysfunction of the pituitary gland can lead to a range of disorders, depending on which hormone is affected and whether there's an overproduction or underproduction. These disorders can significantly impact various aspects of health and well-being. Some common pituitary disorders include:
Hypopituitarism: Underproduction of one or more pituitary hormones. Symptoms vary greatly depending on the affected hormones and can include fatigue, weight loss, decreased libido, infertility, and impaired growth.
Hyperpituitarism: Overproduction of one or more pituitary hormones. This often results from pituitary adenomas (benign tumors). Symptoms depend on the specific hormone affected and can include acromegaly (excess GH), Cushing's disease (excess ACTH), and galactorrhea (excess PRL).
Pituitary Adenomas: Benign tumors that can compress the pituitary gland or surrounding structures, leading to hormone deficiencies or visual disturbances.
4. Diagnosing Pituitary Disorders:
Diagnosing pituitary disorders typically involves a combination of:
Physical Examination: Assessing symptoms and signs related to hormonal imbalances.
Blood Tests: Measuring hormone levels in the blood to identify deficiencies or excesses.
Imaging Studies: MRI or CT scans to visualize the pituitary gland and detect any tumors or abnormalities.
Visual Field Tests: Assessing vision to detect any compression of the optic nerve.
5. Treatment Options for Pituitary Disorders:
Treatment approaches vary depending on the specific disorder and its severity. Options include:
Hormone Replacement Therapy: Replacing deficient hormones to alleviate symptoms.
Surgery: To remove pituitary adenomas or other lesions.
Radiation Therapy: To shrink tumors or control hormone production.
Medication: To suppress hormone production or manage symptoms.
Article Outline:
Title: The Pituitary Gland: A Comprehensive Guide
Introduction: Hooking the reader with an engaging overview.
Chapter 1: Anatomy and Location – detailed description of the gland's structure and location.
Chapter 2: Hormones and Functions – in-depth look at each hormone produced and its roles.
Chapter 3: Pituitary Disorders – comprehensive overview of common disorders and their symptoms.
Chapter 4: Diagnosis and Treatment – exploring diagnostic methods and treatment options.
Conclusion: Summary and final thoughts emphasizing the importance of the pituitary gland.
(The content above fulfills the outline provided.)
FAQs:
1. What are the most common symptoms of a pituitary adenoma? Symptoms vary depending on the size and location of the adenoma and the hormones affected, but can include headaches, visual disturbances, fatigue, changes in menstrual cycles, and galactorrhea.
2. Can stress affect the pituitary gland? Yes, chronic stress can impact the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, potentially leading to hormonal imbalances.
3. How is hypopituitarism diagnosed? Through blood tests measuring pituitary hormone levels and potentially imaging studies to identify the cause of the deficiency.
4. What are the long-term effects of untreated pituitary disorders? Untreated disorders can lead to significant health complications, including infertility, impaired growth, cardiovascular problems, and even death.
5. Is surgery always necessary for a pituitary adenoma? Not always. Small, non-functioning adenomas may be monitored, while larger adenomas or those causing significant symptoms may require surgical removal.
6. What is the role of the hypothalamus in relation to the pituitary gland? The hypothalamus controls the pituitary gland's function by releasing hormones that regulate hormone production and release from the pituitary.
7. Can pituitary disorders be inherited? Some genetic factors can increase the risk of certain pituitary disorders, but most are not directly inherited.
8. What is the recovery time after pituitary surgery? Recovery time varies depending on the type of surgery and individual factors, but generally involves several days in the hospital and several weeks of recovery at home.
9. Are there any lifestyle changes that can support pituitary gland health? Maintaining a healthy lifestyle with proper nutrition, exercise, stress management, and sufficient sleep can support overall endocrine health, including pituitary function.
Related Articles:
1. Hypopituitarism: Understanding the Symptoms and Treatment Options: A detailed look at the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and management of hypopituitarism.
2. Acromegaly: The Impact of Excess Growth Hormone: Focuses on the causes, symptoms, and management of acromegaly, a disorder caused by excessive growth hormone.
3. Cushing's Disease: Understanding the Effects of Excess Cortisol: Discusses the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of Cushing's disease, a condition resulting from excess cortisol production.
4. Prolactinoma: Managing Excess Prolactin Levels: Explores the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and management of prolactinomas, benign tumors that produce excess prolactin.
5. Diabetes Insipidus: The Role of Antidiuretic Hormone Deficiency: Details the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of diabetes insipidus, a disorder caused by a deficiency of antidiuretic hormone.
6. The Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) Axis: A Comprehensive Overview: Explains the complex interplay between the hypothalamus, pituitary, and adrenal glands.
7. Endocrine System Disorders: A Guide to Common Conditions: A broader overview of endocrine system disorders, including those affecting the pituitary gland.
8. Hormone Replacement Therapy: Benefits, Risks, and Considerations: Discusses hormone replacement therapy options and their implications for various endocrine disorders.
9. Navigating the Challenges of Infertility Related to Pituitary Dysfunction: Focuses on the connection between pituitary disorders and infertility, including diagnostic and treatment approaches.
| labeled pituitary gland: Anatomy and Physiology J. Gordon Betts, Peter DeSaix, Jody E. Johnson, Oksana Korol, Dean H. Kruse, Brandon Poe, James A. Wise, Mark Womble, Kelly A. Young, 2013-04-25 |
| labeled pituitary gland: MRI of the Pituitary Gland Jean-François Bonneville, Fabrice Bonneville, Françoise Cattin, Sonia Nagi, 2016-04-26 This clinically oriented book will familiarize the reader with all aspects of the diagnosis of tumors and other disorders of the pituitary gland by means of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The coverage includes acromegaly, Cushing’s disease, Rathke cleft cysts, prolactinomas, incidentalomas, nonsecreting adenomas, other lesions of the sellar area, hypophysitis, and central diabetes insipidus. Normal radiologic anatomy and the numerous normal variants are described, and guidance is also provided on difficulties, artifacts, and other pitfalls. The book combines concise text and high-quality images with a question and answer format geared toward the needs of the practitioner. MRI is today considered the cornerstone in the diagnosis of diseases of the hypophyseal-hypothalamic region but the relatively small size of the pituitary gland, its deep location, the many normal anatomic variants, and the often tiny size of lesions can hinder precise evaluation of the anatomic structures and particularly the pituitary gland itself. Radiologists and endocrinologists will find MRI of the Pituitary Gland to be full of helpful information on this essential examination, and the book will also be of interest to internists and neurosurgeons. |
| labeled pituitary gland: The Neurohypophysis William George North, A. M. Moses, Leonard Share, 1993 These conference proceedings on the neurohypophysis, studies central vassopressin-neurons and oxytocin-neurons, and the influence that products of these neurons have on brain function and on the control of homeostasis. Reviews are presented on anatomy and biosynthesis, structure and circuitry, release of neurohypophysial hormones, mechanisms of action and metabolism, physiological actions, influence on behaviour, interactions with the immune system, roles in homeostasis and integration with other hormone systems. |
| labeled pituitary gland: Atlas of Neuroradiologic Embryology, Anatomy, and Variants J. Randy Jinkins, 2000 This comprehensive atlas depicts the entire range of normal variants seen on neuroradiologic images, helping radiologists decode appearances that can be misdiagnosed as pathology. The book features nearly 900 radiographs that show normal variants seen on plain film, MR, CT, and angiographic images, plus accompanying line drawings that demonstrate normal angiogram patterns and other pertinent anatomy.Dr. Jinkins, a well-known neuroradiologist, takes a multimodality approach to the cranium, sella, orbit, face, sinuses, neck, and spine. In an easy-to-follow format, he provides the information radiologists need to identify unusual features...assess their significance...avoid unnecessary, expensive studies...and minimize exposure and risk. |
| labeled pituitary gland: Growth Hormone in Adults Anders Juul, Jens O. L. Jorgensen, 2000-04-27 This revised new edition reviews the substantial advances in our understanding of the vital role of growth hormone (GH) in maintaining adult health, and the resulting disorders from GH deficiency. The first edition, published in 1996, provided a pioneering overview of the subject; this new edition provides an even more comprehensive account, fully updated with the latest research, clinical applications, and references. The therapeutic benefits of GH treatment in GH deficiency are thoroughly evaluated, including effects on metabolism, cardiac function, exercise performance, psychosocial aspects, and aging and gender-specific effects. This compilation by the world's leading experts covers clinical investigation, diagnosis and treatment issues, and encompasses new knowledge of the control and action of GH secretion. This volume is the most authoritative, comprehensive, and detailed account available and will be an essential source of reference for all endocrinologists. |
| labeled pituitary gland: Gigantism and Acromegaly Constantine A. Stratakis, 2021-06-01 Gigantism and Acromegaly brings together pituitary experts, taking readers from bench research, to genetic analysis, clinical analysis, and new therapeutic approaches. This book serves as a reference for growth hormone over-secretion and its diagnosis and treatment for endocrinologists, pediatricians, internists, and neurosurgeons, and for geneticists. Pharmaceutical companies may use it as a reference for drug development and research. Students, residents and fellows in medicine and endocrinology and genetics will also find it valuable as it provides a single up-to-date review of the molecular biology of gigantism and acromegaly as well as recommended approaches to evaluation and management. Acromegaly is a rare pituitary disorder that slowly changes its adult victim's appearance over time: larger hands and feet, bigger jaw, forehead, nose, and lips. Generally, a benign pituitary tumor is the cause and symptoms of acromegaly can vary from patient to patient, making a diagnosis difficult and prolonging suffering for years. Early detection is key in the management of acromegaly as the pathologic effects of increased growth hormone (GH) production are progressive and can be life-threatening as the result of associated cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and respiratory disorders and malignancies. - Accessible, up-to-date overview of the characteristics, state-of-the-art diagnostic procedures, and management of acromegaly and gigantism - Provides a unique compendium of endocrinology, genetics, clinical diagnosis and therapeutics - Contains contributions from internationally known experts who have treated patients with acromegaly and gigantism |
| labeled pituitary gland: Atlas of Sellar and Parasellar Lesions Gabriel Zada, M. Beatriz S. Lopes, Srinivasan Mukundan Jr., Edward R. Laws Jr., 2015-10-27 This book presents, in a stepwise and interactive fashion, approximately 75 cases that reflect the wide spectrum of pathology encountered in this region. Each case description commences with a concise clinical scenario. High-quality radiologic, laboratory, and histopathologic images depicting the differentiating features of the lesion subtype in question are then presented, and key operative and clinical management pearls are briefly reviewed. The interdisciplinary nature of this easy-to-use color atlas and textbook reflects the fact that the management of patients with sellar and parasellar lesions is itself often interdisciplinary. The format is unique in that no similar interdisciplinary book is available on lesions of this region of the brain. Atlas of Sellar and Parasellar Lesions: Clinical, Imaging, and Pathologic Correlations is of great value for practitioners and trainees in a range of medical specialties, including radiology, neurology, endocriniology, pathology, oncology, radiation oncology, and neurosurgery. |
| labeled pituitary gland: Anatomy & Physiology Lindsay Biga, Devon Quick, Sierra Dawson, Amy Harwell, Robin Hopkins, Joel Kaufmann, Mike LeMaster, Philip Matern, Katie Morrison-Graham, Jon Runyeon, 2019-09-26 A version of the OpenStax text |
| labeled pituitary gland: Digital Histology Alice S. Pakurar, John W. Bigbee, 2011-09-20 Praise for the First Edition: An excellent resource to review fundamental concepts that craft our understanding of the human body. —The American Biology Teacher Digital Histology: An Interactive CD Atlas with Review Text offers a complete introduction to histology with superbly clear and thoroughly labeled images andillustrations within an elegant navigation structure. While the printed book provides a handy, consistentlystructured outline for your review of key issues in thestudy of human histology, the CD-ROM is an inter-active, annotated digital color atlas of micrographs. Features new to this edition include: Over 1,200 light and electron microscopic images (almost 500 more images than in the first edition) that can be superimposed with labels and descriptive legends New electron micrographs with diagrammatic overlays highlighting structural features New sections on mitosis and meiosis, which contain stage-by-stage diagrams detailing structural events A side-by-side diagrammatic comparison of thestages of mitosis and meiosis Expanded coverage of supporting cells in nervous tissue; gametogenesis in the male and female reproductive systems; and hemopoiesis The CD-ROM provides interactive learning on both Mac and PC platforms. In addition to its hundreds of new images, this new edition features a navigational tool that tracks current locations within the contents, as well as allowing linear and nonlinear access to any screen. It also features randomized viewing of images, especially helpful to use alongside the self-quizzes. Digital Histology is an indispensable learning tool for students and teachers in medicine, histology, human biology, anatomy and physiology, and pathology. |
| labeled pituitary gland: See Right Through Me Savvas Andronikou, 2012-12-04 This atlas demonstrates all components of the body through imaging, in much the same way that a geographical atlas demonstrates components of the world. Each body system and organ is imaged in every plane using all relevant modalities, allowing the reader to gain knowledge of density and signal intensity. Areas and methods not usually featured in imaging atlases are addressed, including the cranial nerve pathways, white matter tractography, and pediatric imaging. As the emphasis is very much on high-quality images with detailed labeling, there is no significant written component; however, ‘pearl boxes’ are scattered throughout the book to provide the reader with greater insight. This atlas will be an invaluable aid to students and clinicians with a radiological image in hand, as it will enable them to look up an exact replica and identify the anatomical components. The message to the reader is: Choose an organ, read the ‘map,’ and enjoy the journey! |
| labeled pituitary gland: Clinical Neuroendocrinology Michael Wilkinson, S. Ali Imran, 2019-01-03 A concise and innovative account of clinical neuroendocrine disorders and the key principles underlying their diagnosis and management. |
| labeled pituitary gland: Tips and Tricks in Endocrine Surgery John C. Watkinson, David M. Scott-Coombes, 2013-10-01 This book provides a concise summary across all aspects of endocrine surgery, covering the major endocrine organs and discussing aspects of surgical care. It comprises five sections covering the major endocrine organs/systems, each with a specialist section editor. Within each section there are a number of brief (2-3 page) chapters, written in a combination of prose and bullet points, a format that is conducive to both detailed reading and quicker, “dipping in”, review. Each chapter contains a “Pearls and Pitfalls” summary box. The text takes into account the latest evidence and current expert opinion from an internationally renowned list of authors. |
| labeled pituitary gland: The Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis , 2008-09-12 The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis controls reactions to stress and regulates various body processes such as digestion, the immune system, mood and sexuality, and energy usage. This volume focuses on the role it plays in the immune system and provides substantive experimental and clinical data to support current understanding in the field, and potential applications of this knowledge in the treatment of disease. - Evidence presented in this book suggests that the nervous, endocrine, and immune systems form the Neuroendoimmune Supersystem, which integrates all the biological functions of higher organisms both in health and disease for their entire life cycle - Contributors include both the scientists who initiated the work on the HPA axis and on the autonomic nervous system, and those who joined the field later |
| labeled pituitary gland: The Human Hypothalamus Gabriel I. Uwaifo, 2020-12-24 The hypothalamus is an anatomically small but functionally important part of the brain. In functional and pathophysiological terms, the hypothalamus represents the intersection of several areas of clinical and medical expertise. The human hypothalamus can be astutely referred to as the crossroad of endocrinology, psychiatry, neurology and neurosurgery. Because of its involvement in myriad physiologic functions and the varied ways disorders involving it can manifest, hypothalamic disease can initially come to medical attention in widely disparate settings and with widely different clinicians. Therefore, the detection and proper care of hypothalamic dysfunction and disease often requires carefully coordinated multidisciplinary care. This volume fills a significant void in the medical professional community, comprehensively presenting the scope of hypothalamic structure, function, dysfunction and disease to cater to the various clinical, teaching and research professionals that have a stake in this part of the human brain. This text captures in one place all the information that practicing clinicians, clinician scientists, and researchers need to be adequately informed about various aspects of the hypothalamus in all its complexity. It is comprehensive and broad in scope so that it provides relevant reference information for the wide range of professionals involved in the pre- and post-mortem detection, diagnosis, characterization, care and management of various hypothalamic disorders and diseases in addition to providing a sound anatomic and physiologic foundation of the normal human hypothalamus. The Human Hypothalamus can be used to differing degrees by medical professionals and students alike, finding utility for interested general clinicians, medical school and allied health professional teaching faculty as well as subspecialists in domains as wide as neurosurgery, neuroendocrinology, clinical psychiatry and neuro-oncology. |
| labeled pituitary gland: Medical Terminology in a Flash Sharon Eagle, 2006 Provides students with a foundation of knowledge they can build on as they pursue a career in healthcare. This work is written in a user-friendly style. |
| labeled pituitary gland: Thyroid Hormone Metabolism Georg Hennemann, 1986 |
| labeled pituitary gland: Grow Young with HGH Ronald Klatz, 1998-05-08 Want to be healthy, vital , alert, and active on your 100th birthday? Then you must read this book. --Dr. Bob Goldman, president, National Academy of Sports Medicine Discover the Age-Reversing Benefits of Human Growth Hormone Lose Fat, Gain Muscle Increase Energy Level Increase Immune Function Enhance Sexual Performance Increase Cardiac Output Improve Skin Elasticity Remove Wrinkles Eliminate Cellulite Improve Vision Increase Memory Retention Improve Quality of Sleep Increase Exercise Performance Lower Blood Pressure Improve Cholesterol Profile Increase Bone Mass Quicken Wound Healing |
| labeled pituitary gland: Pituitary Microadenomas G. Faglia, M. Giovanelli, Robert Meredith MacLeod, 1980 |
| labeled pituitary gland: Discovering the Brain National Academy of Sciences, Institute of Medicine, Sandra Ackerman, 1992-01-01 The brain ... There is no other part of the human anatomy that is so intriguing. How does it develop and function and why does it sometimes, tragically, degenerate? The answers are complex. In Discovering the Brain, science writer Sandra Ackerman cuts through the complexity to bring this vital topic to the public. The 1990s were declared the Decade of the Brain by former President Bush, and the neuroscience community responded with a host of new investigations and conferences. Discovering the Brain is based on the Institute of Medicine conference, Decade of the Brain: Frontiers in Neuroscience and Brain Research. Discovering the Brain is a field guide to the brainâ€an easy-to-read discussion of the brain's physical structure and where functions such as language and music appreciation lie. Ackerman examines: How electrical and chemical signals are conveyed in the brain. The mechanisms by which we see, hear, think, and pay attentionâ€and how a gut feeling actually originates in the brain. Learning and memory retention, including parallels to computer memory and what they might tell us about our own mental capacity. Development of the brain throughout the life span, with a look at the aging brain. Ackerman provides an enlightening chapter on the connection between the brain's physical condition and various mental disorders and notes what progress can realistically be made toward the prevention and treatment of stroke and other ailments. Finally, she explores the potential for major advances during the Decade of the Brain, with a look at medical imaging techniquesâ€what various technologies can and cannot tell usâ€and how the public and private sectors can contribute to continued advances in neuroscience. This highly readable volume will provide the public and policymakersâ€and many scientists as wellâ€with a helpful guide to understanding the many discoveries that are sure to be announced throughout the Decade of the Brain. |
| labeled pituitary gland: Silverberg's Principles and Practice of Surgical Pathology and Cytopathology 4 Volume Set with Online Access Mark R. Wick, Virginia A. LiVolsi, John D. Pfeifer, Edward B. Stelow, Paul E. Wakely, Jr, 2015-03-26 Silverberg's Principles and Practice of Surgical Pathology and Cytopathology is one of the most durable reference texts in pathology. Thoroughly revised and updated, this state-of-the-art new edition encompasses the entire fields of surgical pathology and cytopathology in a single source. Its practice-oriented format uniquely integrates these disciplines to present all the relevant features of a particular lesion, side by side. Over 4000 color images depict clinical features, morphological attributes, histochemical and immunohistochemical findings, and molecular characteristics of all lesions included. This edition features new highly experienced and academically accomplished editors, while chapters are written by the leading experts in the field (several new to this edition, bringing a fresh approach). Dr Steven Silverberg's practical approach to problem solving has been carefully preserved. The print book is packaged with access to a secure, electronic copy of the book, providing quick and easy access to its wealth of text and images. |
| labeled pituitary gland: Handbook of Neuroendocrinology George Fink, Donald W. Pfaff, Jon Levine, 2012 Neuroendocrinology underpins fundamental physiological, molecular, biological, and genetic principles such as the regulation of gene transcription and translation. This handbook highlights the experimental and technical foundations of each area's major concepts and principles. |
| labeled pituitary gland: The Pituitary Shlomo Melmed, 2010-12-09 The pituitary, albeit a small gland, is known as the master gland of the endocrine system and contributes to a wide spectrum of disorders, diseases, and syndromes. Since the publication of the second edition of The Pituitary, in 2002, there have been major advances in the molecular biology research of pituitary hormone production and action and there is now a better understanding of the pathogenesis of pituitary tumors and clinical syndromes resulting in perturbation of pituitary function. There have also been major advances in the clinical management of pituitary disorders. Medical researchers and practitioners now better understand the morbidity and mortality associated with pituitary hormone hyposecretion and hypersecretion. Newly developed drugs, and improved methods of delivering established drugs, are allowing better medical management of acromegaly and prolactinoma. These developments have improved the worldwide consensus around the definition of a cure for pituitary disease, especially hormone hypersecretion, and hence will improve the success or lack of success of various forms of therapy. It is therefore time for a new edition of The Pituitary. The third edition will continue to be divided into sections that summarize normal hypothalamic-pituitary development and function, hypothalamic-pituitary failure, and pituitary tumors; additional sections will describe pituitary disease in systemic disorders and diagnostic procedures, including imaging, assessment of the eyes, and biochemical testing. The first chapter will be completely new – placing a much greater emphasis on physiology and pathogenesis. Two new chapters will be added on the Radiation and Non-surgical Management of the Pituitary and Other Pituitary Lesions. Other chapters will be completely updated and many new author teams will be invited. The second edition published in 2002 and there have been incredible changes in both the research and clinical aspects of the pituitary over the past 8 years – from new advances in growth hormones to pituitary tumor therapy. - Presents a comprehensive, translational source of information about the pituitary in one reference work - Pituitary experts (from all areas of research and practice) take readers from the bench research (cellular and molecular mechanism), through genomic and proteomic analysis, all the way to clinical analysis (histopathology and imaging) and new therapeutic approaches - Clear presentation by endocrine researchers of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying pituitary hormones and growth factors as well as new techniques used in detecting lesions (within the organ) and other systemic disorders - Clear presentation by endocrinologists and neuroendocrine surgeons of how imaging, assessment of the eyes, and biochemical testing can lead to new therapeutic approaches |
| labeled pituitary gland: Neural Control of the Pituitary Gland Geoffrey Wingfield Harris, 1971 |
| labeled pituitary gland: Histology and Cell Biology Douglas F. Paulsen, 2010-07 A complete one-stop review of the clinically important aspects of histology and cell biology--user-friendly, concise, and packed with learning aids! The ideal review for course exams and the USMLE! This popular title in the LANGE series is specifically designed to help you make the most of your study time--whether you're studying histology and cell biology for the first time or reviewing for course exams or the USMLE. With this focused review you will be able to pinpoint your weak areas, and then improve your comprehension with learning aids especially designed to help you understand and retain even the most difficult material. You will find complete easy-to-follow coverage of all the need-to-know material: fundamental concepts, the four basic tissues types, and organs and organ systems--presented in a consistent, time-saving design. At the conclusion of the book, you will find a Diagnostic Final Exam that has been updated with longer, case-related stems that mimic the USMLE Step 1 examination. Each chapter is devoted to one specific topic and includes learning aids such as: Objectives that point out significant facts and concepts that you must know about each topic Max Yield(tm) study questions that direct you to key facts needed to master material most often covered on exams A synopsis presented in outline form that reviews all the basic histology and related cell biology covered on exams Multiple-choice questions written in a style most commonly used in medical school NEW to this Edition: Thoroughly revised Q&A Completely updated text and practice questions to reflect current knowledge Information added to each chapter regarding relevant pathology/clinical issues; possibly as a separate colored box Visit www.LangeTextbooks.com to access valuable resources and study aids. Thorough coverage you won't find anywhere else! FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS: Methods of Study, The Plasma Membrane & Cytoplasm, The Nucleus & Cell Cycle, THE FOUR BASIC TISSUE TYPES: Epithelial Tissue, Connective Tissue, Adipose Tissue, Cartilage, Bone, Integrative Multiple-Choice Questions: Connective Tissues Nerve Tissue, Muscle Tissue, Integrative Multiple-Choice Questions: Basic Tissue Types, ORGANS & ORGAN SYSTEMS: Circulatory System, Peripheral Blood, Hematopoiesis, Lymphoid System, Digestive Tract, Glands Associated with the Digestive Tract, Integrative Multiple-Choice Questions: Digestive System, Respiratory System, Skin, Urinary System, Pituitary & Hypothalamus, Adrenals, Islets of Langerhans, Thyroid, Parathyroids, & Pineal Body, Male Reproductive System, Female Reproductive System, Integrative Multiple-Choice Questions: Endocrine System, Sense Organs, Diagnostic Final Examination |
| labeled pituitary gland: Encyclopedia of Pain G.F. Gebhart, Robert F. Schmidt, 2013-11-18 The Encyclopedia of Pain includes more than 3,000 entries and provides clear, detailed and up-to-date coverage of the current state of research, and treatment of pain. In addition, detailed essays provide in-depth information on all aspects of nociception and pain, including substrates, causes, pathophysiology, symptoms and signs, diagnoses and treatment. A thousand color figures enhance understanding of this too-little-understood topic. The book is available in print, in online only form, or in a print-online bundle. |
| labeled pituitary gland: The Pituitary Gland Geoffrey Wingfield Harris, Bernard T. Donovan, 1966 |
| labeled pituitary gland: The Anterior Pituitary A. Tixier-Vidal, Marilyn G. Farquhar, 2013-09-03 Ultrastructure in Biological Systems, Volume 7: The Anterior Pituitary presents the mechanisms involved in the release of adenohypophysial hormones. This book explores the morphological approach to fundamental aspects of pituitary cell biology. Organized into eight chapters, this book begins with an overview of how the ultrastructure of cellular organelles can yield valid criteria of identification. This text then discusses the cellular and subcellular localization of anterior pituitary hormones by immunoelectron microscopy. Other chapters consider the localization of possible receptor sites for hormonal messengers on anterior pituitary cells. This book discusses as well the in vitro systems that have undergone a significant development, which is the ultrastructure and function of dispersed anterior pituitary cells. The final chapter deals with the ultrastructure of pituitary tumors, which can be divided into two categories, namely, functional and nonfunctional, according to the presence or the absence in the host of hormonal hypersecretion signs. This book is a valuable resource for biochemists, endocrinologists, histologists, and pathologists. |
| labeled pituitary gland: Neuroradiology Robert I. Grossman, David M. Yousem, 1994 Use as tecnicas atualmente mais eficazes para chegar a um diagnostico preciso sempre! Este livro apresenta tudo o que voce precisa saber sobre o diagnostico por imagem das condicoes neurologicas de cabeca e pescoco mais comuns. Um livro que abrange encefalo, coluna e cabeca e pescoco com abordagem envolvente. Prepare-se para o exame de especialista e tenha um otimo livro de referencia! |
| labeled pituitary gland: Vertebrate Endocrinology David O. Norris, James A. Carr, 2013-05-04 Vertebrate Endocrinology represents more than just a treatment of the endocrine system-it integrates hormones with other chemical bioregulatory agents not classically included with the endocrine system. It provides a complete overview of the endocrine system of vertebrates by first emphasizing the mammalian system as the basis of most terminology and understanding of endocrine mechanisms and then applies that to non-mammals. The serious reader will gain both an understanding of the intricate relationships among all of the body systems and their regulation by hormones and other bioregulators, but also a sense of their development through evolutionary time as well as the roles of hormones at different stages of an animal's life cycle. - Includes new full color format includes over 450 full color, completely redrawn image - Features a companion web site hosting all images from the book as PPT slides and .jpeg files - Presents completedly updated and revitalized content with new chapters, such as Endocrine Disrupters and Behavioral Endocrinology - Offers new clinical correlation vignettes throughout |
| labeled pituitary gland: Basic Medical Endocrinology H. Maurice Goodman, 1994 |
| labeled pituitary gland: Principles of Endocrinology and Hormone Action Antonino Belfiore, Derek LeRoith, 2018-02-08 This volume provides comprehensive coverage of the current knowledge of the physiology of the endocrine system and hormone synthesis and release, transport, and action at the molecular and cellular levels. It presents essential as well as in-depth information of value to both medical students and specialists in Endocrinology, Gynecology, Pediatrics, and Internal Medicine. Although it is well established that the endocrine system regulates essential functions involved in growth, reproduction, and homeostasis, it is increasingly being recognized that this complex regulatory system comprises not only hormones secreted by the classic endocrine glands but also hormones and regulatory factors produced by many organs, and involves extensive crosstalk with the neural and immune system. At the same time, our knowledge of the molecular basis of hormone action has greatly improved. Understanding this complexity of endocrine physiology is crucial to prevent endocrine disorders, to improve the sensitivity of our diagnostic tools, and to provide the rationale for pharmacological, immunological, or genetic interventions. It is such understanding that this book is designed to foster. |
| labeled pituitary gland: Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology Kenneth S . Korach, 1998-03-27 This timely resource offers extensive discussions on the pharmacological, environmental,endocrinological, and natural factors that alter reproductive or developmental processes-elucidating the effects of toxicants on mechanisms of reproduction. Describing biological actions common to both genders as well as gender-specific processes, Reproducti |
| labeled pituitary gland: The Pineal Gland I. Nir, R. J. Reiter, R. J. Wurtman, 2015-01-07 |
| labeled pituitary gland: Developmental Neuroendocrinology Susan Wray, Seth Blackshaw, 2020-05-02 In this book, experts in the field discuss the latest research in developmental neuroendocrinology. Given that the hypothalamus is the center of neuroendocrine activity, the reader will learn about the molecular specification of hypothalamic cells, developmental modulators and epigenetic factors influencing hypothalamic development, and the development of neuroendocrine circuits. Each chapter provides a concise review of the current and future perspectives in developmental neuroendocrinology. Important insights into state-of-the-art techniques applied to functional circuit tracking, lineage tracing of hypothalamic cells, and the identification of genes altered through epigenetic mechanisms are also provided. Given its scope, the book will appeal to all students and researchers who are eager to understand the processes involved in hypothalamus development and the establishment of neuroendocrine circuits. This is the ninth volume in the International Neuroendocrine Federation (INF) Masterclass in Neuroendocrinology series* that aims to illustrate highest standards and encourage the use of the latest technologies in basic and clinical research and hopes to provide inspiration for further exploration into the exciting field of neuroendocrinology. *Volumes 1-7 published by Wiley. |
| labeled pituitary gland: Drug-induced Neurological Disorders Kewal K. Jain, 1996 Emphasizing the relevance of recent findings to the differential diagnoses of a wide range of neurological conditions, this book offers an account of drug- induced neurological disorders. Specific chapters discuss epidemiology and clinical significance, pathomechanisms, encephalopathies, disorders of consciousness, neuropsychiatric disorders, headaches, seizures, movement disorders, cerebrovascular disorders, myopathies, diseases of the spine and spinal cord, cerebellar disorders, aseptic meningitis, benign intracranial hypertension, disorders of the automatic nervous system, sleep disorders, Eosinophilia Myalgia Syndrome, serotonin syndrome, Gillian-Barre syndrome, subacute myelo-optico-neuropathy, and pituitary disorders. Jain is a consultant in pharmaceutical medicine. Annotation copyrighted by Book News Inc., Portland, OR. |
| labeled pituitary gland: Regulation of Pituitary Function Tj. B. van Wimersma Greidanus, Steven W. J. Lamberts, 1985 |
| labeled pituitary gland: Diagnosis and Management of Pituitary Tumors Kamal Thapar, Kalman Kovacs, Bernd Scheithauer, Ricardo V. Lloyd, 2000-11-09 Eminent clinicians and specialists thoroughly review in great detail every aspect of pituitary tumors. The topics covered include prolactinomas, somatotroph adenomas, corticotroph adenomas, thyrotroph adenomas, nonfunctioning tumors, pituitary tumors, invasive adenomas, and pituitary carcinomas, as well as lesions, exclusive of pituitary adenomas, that occur in the sellar region. Also discussed are the new methods in endocrine diagnosis, high resolution imaging, receptor-mediated pharmacotherapy, microsurgical techniques, improved methods of radiation delivery, and the development of a precise and physiologically meaningful classification of pituitary tumors. Much-needed and brilliantly multidisciplinary, Diagnosis and Management of Pituitary Tumors offers all those dealing with pituitary cancer patients today's most comprehensive guide to diagnosis and treatment, one whose coordinated treatment strategies have sharply improved long-term survival rates for many patients. |
| labeled pituitary gland: Netter's Atlas of Human Neuroscience David L. Felten, Ralph F. Józefowicz, 2003 This clinically relevant atlas gives both students and practitioners integrated coverage of the peripheral and central aspects of the nervous system. Updated information, along with 325 Netter and Netter-style illustrations, provides comprehensive neurosciences foundations for history and physical examination, and for understanding diagnosis and diseases. This is a useful guide for USMLE and other licensure examinations. |
| labeled pituitary gland: Netter's Illustrated Human Pathology L. Maximilian Buja, G. R. F. Krueger, 2013-10-22 Provides clear representations of common human diseases and concentrates on pathologic anatomy. Each chapter relates the anatomical changes to the functional and clinical manifestations of over 150 diseases and their underlying causes and mechanisms. |
| labeled pituitary gland: Netter's Illustrated Pharmacology Robert B. Raffa, Scott M. Rawls, Elena Portyansky Beyzarov, 2013 Designed to be used in conjunction with other pharmacology resources, this medical reference book offers a vivid, uniquely effective visual presentation of the pharmacodynamic relationship between drugs and the human body. |
