Nurses Need Physiology Diabetes Mellitus

Nurses Need Physiology: A Deep Dive into Diabetes Mellitus

Introduction:

Are you a nurse facing the challenge of effectively managing patients with diabetes mellitus? Understanding the intricate physiology behind this prevalent condition is crucial for providing optimal care. This comprehensive guide delves into the essential physiological mechanisms of diabetes mellitus, equipping nurses with the knowledge to accurately assess, diagnose, and treat their diabetic patients. We'll explore the different types of diabetes, the role of insulin, the impact on various organ systems, and the implications for patient management. Prepare to enhance your understanding and elevate your patient care skills.


I. Understanding the Physiology of Diabetes Mellitus:

Diabetes mellitus, a chronic metabolic disorder, is characterized by hyperglycemia (high blood glucose levels). This arises from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. Let's break down the key physiological aspects:

A. The Role of Insulin:

Insulin, a hormone secreted by the beta cells of the pancreatic islets of Langerhans, plays a central role in glucose homeostasis. Its primary functions include:

Facilitating glucose uptake: Insulin binds to receptors on muscle and adipose tissue cells, triggering glucose transport into the cells. This lowers blood glucose levels.
Glycogenesis: It promotes glycogen synthesis (storage of glucose as glycogen) in the liver and muscles.
Inhibiting gluconeogenesis: It suppresses the liver's production of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources.
Lipogenesis: Insulin promotes fat storage.

B. Types of Diabetes Mellitus:

Understanding the different types of diabetes is essential for tailored patient management. The two main categories are:

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM): An autoimmune disease where the body's immune system attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. This leads to absolute insulin deficiency.
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM): Characterized by insulin resistance, where the body's cells become less responsive to insulin, coupled with a relative deficiency in insulin secretion. This is often associated with obesity and lifestyle factors.
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM): A form of diabetes that develops during pregnancy, usually resolving after delivery. It's associated with increased risk of developing T2DM later in life.

C. The Impact of Hyperglycemia on Organ Systems:

Sustained high blood glucose levels damage various organ systems:

Cardiovascular System: Hyperglycemia accelerates atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries), increasing the risk of heart attacks, strokes, and peripheral artery disease.
Nervous System: Neuropathy (nerve damage) can cause pain, numbness, tingling, and loss of function in the extremities. Autonomic neuropathy can affect digestion, bladder function, and heart rate.
Eyes: Diabetic retinopathy (damage to the blood vessels in the retina) can lead to vision loss and blindness.
Kidneys: Diabetic nephropathy (kidney damage) can lead to chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease.
Feet: Diabetic foot ulcers are a serious complication, often leading to amputation if not managed properly.


II. Clinical Manifestations and Assessment of Diabetes Mellitus:

Nurses play a vital role in assessing and monitoring patients with diabetes. Key clinical manifestations include:

Polyuria (frequent urination): Due to osmotic diuresis caused by high glucose levels in the urine.
Polydipsia (excessive thirst): A consequence of fluid loss from polyuria.
Polyphagia (increased hunger): Despite increased food intake, cells cannot utilize glucose effectively, leading to persistent hunger.
Weight loss (in T1DM): Due to impaired glucose utilization and breakdown of body fats for energy.
Fatigue and weakness: Resulting from insufficient energy production due to impaired glucose metabolism.

Assessment involves monitoring blood glucose levels, HbA1c (measures average blood glucose over 2-3 months), urine analysis, and assessing for complications.


III. Nursing Management of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus:

Effective nursing management focuses on:

Patient Education: Teaching patients about their condition, medication regimen, blood glucose monitoring, healthy eating, and exercise.
Medication Administration: Administering insulin injections, oral hypoglycemic agents, and other medications as prescribed.
Monitoring Blood Glucose Levels: Regular monitoring is crucial to assess treatment effectiveness and adjust medication accordingly.
Wound Care (if applicable): Proper wound care is essential to prevent infections in patients with diabetic foot ulcers.
Assessment for Complications: Regularly assessing for complications such as neuropathy, retinopathy, and nephropathy.
Emotional Support: Providing emotional support and helping patients cope with the challenges of living with diabetes.


IV. Conclusion:

A thorough understanding of the physiology of diabetes mellitus is paramount for nurses providing care to patients with this condition. By mastering the intricacies of insulin action, the various types of diabetes, and the potential complications, nurses can effectively assess, monitor, and manage their patients, ultimately improving their quality of life and preventing serious health consequences. Continuous learning and staying updated on the latest advancements in diabetes management are essential for providing the best possible care.



Article Outline:

Title: Nurses Need Physiology: A Deep Dive into Diabetes Mellitus

Introduction: Hooking the reader and providing an overview.
Chapter 1: Understanding the Physiology of Diabetes Mellitus: Role of insulin, types of diabetes, impact of hyperglycemia on organ systems.
Chapter 2: Clinical Manifestations and Assessment of Diabetes Mellitus: Symptoms, assessment methods, diagnostic tests.
Chapter 3: Nursing Management of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus: Patient education, medication administration, monitoring, and complication management.
Conclusion: Summary and emphasis on the importance of understanding diabetes physiology for nurses.


(The detailed explanation of each chapter is provided above in the main article.)


FAQs:

1. What is the difference between type 1 and type 2 diabetes? Type 1 is an autoimmune disease causing absolute insulin deficiency, while type 2 involves insulin resistance and relative insulin deficiency.

2. How is diabetes diagnosed? Through blood glucose tests (fasting, random, oral glucose tolerance test) and HbA1c levels.

3. What are the long-term complications of diabetes? Cardiovascular disease, neuropathy, retinopathy, nephropathy, and foot ulcers.

4. What is the role of insulin in glucose metabolism? Insulin facilitates glucose uptake by cells, promotes glycogen synthesis, inhibits gluconeogenesis, and promotes fat storage.

5. How can nurses educate patients about diabetes management? Through individual teaching plans, group sessions, and providing resources.

6. What are the signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia? Shakiness, sweating, confusion, dizziness, and loss of consciousness.

7. What is HbA1c and why is it important? It measures average blood glucose over 2-3 months, providing a long-term assessment of glucose control.

8. How can nurses help prevent diabetic foot ulcers? Through regular foot exams, patient education on foot care, and prompt treatment of wounds.

9. What is gestational diabetes, and what are the risks? Diabetes during pregnancy, associated with increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes later in life and complications for both mother and baby.


Related Articles:

1. Insulin Resistance: A Comprehensive Guide for Nurses: Explores the mechanisms of insulin resistance and its impact on diabetes.
2. Diabetic Neuropathy: Assessment and Management Strategies: Focuses on the assessment and management of nerve damage in diabetic patients.
3. Diabetic Retinopathy: Prevention and Treatment Options: Details the prevention and treatment of eye damage related to diabetes.
4. Diabetic Nephropathy: Understanding and Managing Kidney Disease: Covers the management of kidney complications in diabetes.
5. Managing Hyperglycemia in Diabetic Patients: Provides practical strategies for managing high blood glucose levels.
6. Hypoglycemia: Recognition, Treatment, and Prevention: Focuses on the recognition and management of low blood sugar.
7. The Role of Diet and Exercise in Diabetes Management: Explores the importance of lifestyle modifications in diabetes control.
8. Advanced Glycation End Products (AGEs) and Diabetes: Discusses the role of AGEs in the development of diabetic complications.
9. Psychosocial Aspects of Living with Diabetes: Addresses the emotional and psychological challenges faced by individuals with diabetes.


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  nurses need physiology diabetes mellitus: Oxford Handbook of Adult Nursing George Castledine, Ann Close, 2009 This unique book gives expert and practical advice on all aspects of the nurse's role. It provides a complete picture of the care of adults with chronic and acute illness, and covers the role of the nurse as manager and co-ordinator of care. It is written by practising nurses and is an invaluable companion.
  nurses need physiology diabetes mellitus: Insulin Action Ashok K. Srivastava, Barry I. Posner, 1998-05-31 In 1996 the 75th anniversary of the discovery of insulin was celebrated at the University of Toronto, the scene of that discovery in 1921. This volume was stimulated by the scientific program which was staged at that time and brought together much of the world's best talent to discuss and analyze the most recent developments in our understanding of pancreatic function, insulin secretion, the interaction of insulin with its target tissues, the mechanism of insulin action at the cellular level, and the defects which underlie both Type I (insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, IDDM) and Type II (noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, NIDDM) forms of the disease. We have chosen to focus the present volume on work related to insulin action.
  nurses need physiology diabetes mellitus: Vital Signs for Nurses Joyce Smith, Rachel Roberts, 2011-05-03 Accurate clinical observations are the key to good patient care and fundamental to nursing practice. Vital Signs for Nurses will support anyone in care delivery to enhance their skills, reflect upon their own practice and assist in their continuing professional development. This practical introductory text explores how to make assessments of heart rate, blood pressure, temperature, pain and nutrition. It also looks at issues of infection control, record-keeping and legal and ethical considerations. With case studies and examples throughout, this text will be invaluable to all healthcare assistants, student nurses, Trainee Assistant Practitioners and students on foundation degrees.
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  nurses need physiology diabetes mellitus: Advanced Physiology and Pathophysiology Nancy Tkacs, PhD, RN, Linda Herrmann, PhD, RN, ACHPN, AGACNP-BC, GNP-BC, FAANP, Randall Johnson, PhD, RN, 2020-03-26 Note to Readers: Publisher does not guarantee quality or access to any included digital components if book is purchased through a third-party seller. Specifically designed for future healthcare providers who will diagnose, manage, and prescribe This advanced physiology and pathophysiology text is designed to address the specific learning needs of future nurse practitioners, physician assistants, and other advanced healthcare providers caring for patients across the lifespan. Focusing on practical applications of physiology, it facilitates in-depth understanding of important pathophysiological concepts as they relate to major disorders commonly seen in clinical practice and includes comprehensive pediatric and geriatric considerations. This knowledge is crucial to providing the foundation required to be an informed and confident clinical decision maker. The author team includes experienced clinicians and educators: nurses and nurse practitioners, physician assistants, doctors of pharmacy, physicians, and basic scientists. This collaboration has produced a text that carefully details and richly illustrates the cellular structure and function of each organ system and mechanisms of associated major clinical disorders. Uniquely interweaving aspects of organ function during healthy states with disease-associated changes, the text emphasizes and extends the basic science foundation to practical clinical applications. The text promotes a deep understanding of cellular function in health and disease that provides the bedrock knowledge required to master pharmacology for prescriptive practice. Equally important, the solid foundation of applied pathophysiological mechanisms offered in this text prepares the student clinician to care for patients with a broad variety of disorders. This resource not only provides a deep dive into pathophysiology, but it also examines why patients often present with particular symptoms, the rationale for ordering specific diagnostic tests and interpretation of results, and common management strategies that proceed from the underlying pathophysiology. Key Features: Designed explicitly to build a foundation for pharmacology and clinical courses that lead to successful clinical practice and prescribing Includes comprehensive lifespan considerations with key insights from specialists in pediatric and geriatric pathophysiology Provides a complete chapter on the basic principles of genetics and genomics with coverage of genetic variations, assessment, and genomics woven throughout the book Integrates thought questions and case studies to promote discussion and synthesis of information Offers a unique Bridge to Clinical Practice in each chapter to translate science to patient care Includes more than 500 images to illustrate complex scientific concepts Summarizes the contents succinctly with handy key points at the end of each chapter Provides access to the fully searchable ebook, including student ancillaries on Springer Publishing ConnectTM
  nurses need physiology diabetes mellitus: Pathophysiology Applied to Nursing Practice Esther Chang, John Daly, 2006 Has been written to provide a fundation for understanding major pathophysiological process, applied pharmacology and related nursing implications. The text includes a holistic framework for assessment of major health breakdown problems. Australian original title.
  nurses need physiology diabetes mellitus: Pediatric Nursing Kathryn Rudd, Diane Kocisko, 2013-10-10 All of the field’s must-have information is delivered in an easy-to-grasp, visually clear and precise design.
  nurses need physiology diabetes mellitus: The Metabolic Ghetto Jonathan C. K. Wells, 2016-07-21 A multidisciplinary analysis of the role of nutrition in generating hierarchical societies and cultivating a global epidemic of chronic diseases.
  nurses need physiology diabetes mellitus: Nurse as Educator Susan Bacorn Bastable, 2008 Designed to teach nurses about the development, motivational, and sociocultural differences that affect teaching and learning, this text combines theoretical and pragmatic content in a balanced, complete style. --from publisher description.
  nurses need physiology diabetes mellitus: Oxford Textbook of Endocrinology and Diabetes John A.H. Wass, Paul M. Stewart, 2011-07-28 Now in its second edition, the Oxford Textbook of Endocrinology and Diabetes is a fully comprehensive, evidence-based, and highly-valued reference work combining basic science with clinical guidance, and providing first rate advice on diagnosis and treatment.
  nurses need physiology diabetes mellitus: Complete Nurse's Guide to Diabetes Care Belinda B Childs, Marjorie Cypress, Geralyn Spollett, 2017-08-10 The third edition of the Complete Nurse's Guide to Diabetes Care is a comprehensive resource for all nurses who work with diabetes patients. Inside, readers will find expert advice on: The evolution of the nurse's roles in diabetes care and education Recent research on complications and associated diseases Practical issues, such as the effects of anxiety, depression, and polypharmacy Updated guidelines for nutrition therapy and physical activity How diabetes affects women, children, and the elderly An extensive resources section featuring contact information for useful organizations and essential patient care The Complete Nurses Guide to Diabetes Care, 3rd Edition, gives nurses the tools they need to give quality care to the person with diabetes.
  nurses need physiology diabetes mellitus: Oxford Handbook of Prescribing for Nurses and Allied Health Professionals Sue Beckwith, Penny Franklin, 2011-05-12 This new edition is fully revised to provide concise, practical, and expert advice for the non-medical prescriber. Intended for all levels, it covers basic pharmacology, legal parameters, safe and effective prescribing and common conditions. Written by experienced nurse prescribers, it contains a wealth of guidance and information.
  nurses need physiology diabetes mellitus: Primary Care Lynne M Dunphy, Jill Winland-Brown, Brian Porter, Debera Thomas, 2015-02-19 Written by nurse practitioners for nurse practitioners in collaboration with a physician, this popular text builds a solid understanding of the theoretical foundation of nursing practice, while also providing comprehensive patient-care guidance based on the latest scientific evidence.
  nurses need physiology diabetes mellitus: Study Guide for Pharmacology for Nursing Care - E-Book Jacqueline Burchum, Laura Rosenthal, Jennifer J. Yeager, 2015-02-10 Complex pharmacologic information is simple to learn with this complete study resource! Designed to accompany Lehne’s Pharmacology for Nursing Care, 9th Edition, this robust workbook features critical thinking study questions, case studies, and patient teaching scenarios that help you connect pharmacology concepts with their impact on patient care. Plus, an emphasis on priority nursing care with NCLEX examination-style review questions prepares you for success on the exam. NCLEX Examination-style questions are included in each chapter. NEW! NCLEX-style alternate format questions including prioritization questions, bolster your readiness for the NCLEX Exam while supporting review of core pharmacology content NEW! Increased emphasis on patient safety features questions on safe patient care that challenge you to select appropriate actions to prevent or remediate medication errors. NEW! Detailed rationales for all prioritization questions are included in the answer key and encompass explanations for both correct and incorrect responses.
  nurses need physiology diabetes mellitus: Anatomy and Physiology for Nursing and Healthcare Students at a Glance Ian Peate, 2022-04-04 Anatomy and Physiology for Nursing and Healthcare Students at a Glance The market-leading at a Glance series is popular among healthcare students and newly qualified practitioners for its concise, simple approach and excellent illustrations. Each bite-sized chapter is covered in a double-page spread with clear, easy-to-follow diagrams, supported by succinct explanatory text. Covering a wide range of topics, books in the at a Glance series are ideal as introductory texts for teaching, learning and revision, and are useful throughout university and beyond. Everything you need to know about anatomy and physiology … at a Glance! An ideal introduction and revision guide for anatomy and physiology As part of the popular At a Glance series, Anatomy & Physiology for Nursing & Healthcare Students provides a wonderful introduction to the topic and is written with the student nurse in mind. This is also a useful reference guide for any healthcare professional looking for a quick refresher on the human body. The book strikes a balance between being succinct without being superficial, with concise writing that provides an overview of anatomy and physiology. Helping nurses develop practical skills and deliver increasingly complex care for patients through the study of how the body functions, readers will also find: A user-friendly approach that includes bite-size pieces of information and full-colour diagrams to help students retain, recall, and apply facts to their practice Clinical practice points that aim to encourage readers to relate to the theoretical concepts in practice New to the second edition: a chapter on anatomical terms and emphasising the importance of the correct anatomical terminology in communication between healthcare professionals Includes access to a companion website with self-assessment questions for each chapter This quick and easy-to-digest introduction to anatomy and physiology is the perfect textbook for nursing students in all fields of practice, allied healthcare students including paramedics and physiotherapists, and newly qualified nurses and nursing associates. It is also an ideal reference book for anyone looking for an overview of the human body. The book is also available in a range of digital formats which allows for easy access on the go. For more information on the complete range of Wiley nursing and health publishing, please visit: www.wiley.com To receive automatic updates on Wiley books and journals, join our email list. Sign up today at www.wiley.com/email All content reviewed by students for students Wiley nursing books are designed exactly for their intended audience. All of our books are developed in collaboration with students. This means that our books are always published with you, the student, in mind. If you would like to be one of our student reviewers, go to www.reviewnursingbooks.com to find out more. This new edition is also available as an e-book. For more details, please see www.wiley.com/buy/9781119757207
  nurses need physiology diabetes mellitus: Podocytopathy Z.-H. Liui, J.C. He, 2014-05-16 The podocyte is a key cell that forms the last barrier of the kidney filtration unit. One of the most exciting developments in the field of nephrology in the last decade has been the elucidation of its biology and its role in the pathophysiology of inherited and acquired glomerular disease, termed podocytopathy. In this publication, world-renowned experts summarize the most recent findings and advances in the field: they describe the unique biological features and injury mechanisms of the podocyte, novel techniques used in their study, and diagnosis and potential therapeutic approaches to glomerular diseases. Due to its broad scope, this publication is of great value not only for clinical nephrologists and researchers, but also for students, residents, fellows, and postdocs.
  nurses need physiology diabetes mellitus: Potter and Perry's Canadian Fundamentals of Nursing - E-Book Barbara J. Astle, Wendy Duggleby, Patricia A. Potter, Anne G. Perry, Patricia A. Stockert, Amy Hall, 2023-02-15 Get the solid foundation you need to practise nursing in Canada! Potter & Perry's Canadian Fundamentals of Nursing, 7th Edition covers the nursing concepts, knowledge, research, and skills that are essential to professional nursing practice in Canada. The text's full-colour, easy-to-use approach addresses the entire scope of nursing care, reflecting Canadian standards, culture, and the latest in evidence-informed care. New to this edition are real-life case studies and a new chapter on practical nursing in Canada. Based on Potter & Perry's respected Fundamentals text and adapted and edited by a team of Canadian nursing experts led by Barbara J. Astle and Wendy Duggleby, this book ensures that you understand Canada's health care system and health care issues as well as national nursing practice guidelines. - More than 50 nursing skills are presented in a clear, two-column format that includes steps and rationales to help you learn how and why each skill is performed. - The five-step nursing process provides a consistent framework for care, and is demonstrated in more than 20 care plans. - Nursing care plans help you understand the relationship between assessment findings and nursing diagnoses, the identification of goals and outcomes, the selection of interventions, and the process for evaluating care. - Planning sections help nurses plan and prioritize care by emphasizing Goals and Outcomes, Setting Priorities, and Teamwork and Collaboration. - More than 20 concept maps show care planning for clients with multiple nursing diagnoses. - UNIQUE! Critical Thinking Model in each clinical chapter shows you how to apply the nursing process and critical thinking to provide the best care for patients. - UNIQUE! Critical Thinking Exercises help you to apply essential content. - Coverage of interprofessional collaboration includes a focus on patient-centered care, Indigenous peoples' health referencing the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) Report, the CNA Code of Ethics, and Medical Assistance in Dying (MAID) legislation. - Evidence-Informed Practice boxes provide examples of recent state-of-the-science guidelines for nursing practice. - Research Highlight boxes provide abstracts of current nursing research studies and explain the implications for daily practice. - Patient Teaching boxes highlight what and how to teach patients, and how to evaluate learning. - Learning objectives, key concepts, and key terms in each chapter summarize important content for more efficient review and study. - Online glossary provides quick access to definitions for all key terms.
  nurses need physiology diabetes mellitus: Anatomy & Physiology Lindsay Biga, Devon Quick, Sierra Dawson, Amy Harwell, Robin Hopkins, Joel Kaufmann, Mike LeMaster, Philip Matern, Katie Morrison-Graham, Jon Runyeon, 2019-09-26 A version of the OpenStax text
  nurses need physiology diabetes mellitus: Canadian Fundamentals of Nursing - E-Book Patricia A. Potter, Anne Griffin Perry, Patricia A. Stockert, Amy Hall, Barbara J. Astle, Wendy Duggleby, 2018-05-03 With a greater emphasis on, and integration of, interprofessional collaboration, health literacy, and clinical reasoning, Canadian Fundamentals of Nursing, Sixth Edition provides you with the solid educational foundation to learn nursing principles, concepts, and skills with ease. The text’s proven, reader-friendly approach describes the principles, concepts, and skills essential to your success. The Sixth edition includes new chapters focused on the health needs of Indigenous people along with information on how to collaborate among interprofessional disciplines. Thoroughly reviewed by Canadian nursing experts, this edition ensures that you are well prepared to practise in Canada. Case studies include unique clinical application questions and exercises, allowing students to practise using care plans and concept maps. New photos capture the latest updates in skills and equipment relevant to Canadian nursing practice. Key points and key terms in each chapter summarize important content for more efficient review and study. More than 50 skills demonstrations provide illustrated, step-by-step instructions for safe nursing care — and include rationales for each step. The 5-step nursing process provides a consistent framework for care, and is demonstrated in more than 20 care plans. More than 20 concept maps show care planning for clients with multiple nursing diagnoses. A glossary provides quick access to definitions for all key terms. Cultural Aspects of Care boxes summarize cultural considerations related to the chapter topic and provide practical guidelines for how to meet patients’ cultural needs and preferences. Patient Teaching boxes help you plan effective teaching by first identifying outcomes, then developing strategies on how to teach, and, finally, implementing measures to evaluate learning. Focus on Older Persons boxes highlight key aspects of nursing assessment and care for this population. Planning sections help nurses plan and prioritize care by emphasizing Goals and Outcomes, Setting Priorities, and Teamwork and Collaboration. Implementation sections cover health promotion, acute care, and continuing care to prepare you for all levels of care in all settings. Unexpected Outcomes and Related Interventions for each skill offer alerts to potential problems and appropriate nursing actions. Procedural guidelines provide streamlined, step-by-step instructions for performing basic skills. UNIQUE! Critical Thinking Models in each clinical chapter show students how to apply the nursing process and critical thinking to achieve successful clinical outcomes. NOC outcomes, NIC interventions, and NANDA diagnoses are incorporated into care plans to reflect national standards. Evidence-Informed Practice chapter includes the concept of research literacy and discusses quality improvement (QI)
  nurses need physiology diabetes mellitus: Essentials for Nursing Practice - E-Book Patricia A. Potter, Anne G. Perry, Patricia A. Stockert, Amy Hall, 2014-02-28 Approx.1218 pagesApprox.1218 pages - NEW! QSEN scenarios present a clinical situation followed by an open-ended question designed to help you understand and apply these core competencies. - NEW! Chapter on professional nursing includes information on QSEN, prioritization, delegation, and professional levels. - NEW! Completely revised review questions contain a strong mix of clinical thinking and application-level questions. - NEW! Content on the impact of exercise covers its influence on disease reduction, compassion fatigue, lateral violence, cyber bullying, social media implications, caregiver strain, and safe patient handling. - NEW! Expanded use of Evidence-Based Practice boxes include a PICO question, summary of the results of a research study, and a description of how the study has affected nursing practice — in every chapter. - NEW! Patient-Centered Care boxes address racial and ethnic diversity along with the cultural differences that impact socioeconomic status, values, geography, and religion. These will related to the chapter case studies when possible.
  nurses need physiology diabetes mellitus: Comparative Physiology of Fasting, Starvation, and Food Limitation Marshall D. McCue, 2012-05-17 All animals face the possibility of food limitation and ultimately starvation-induced mortality. This book summarizes state of the art of starvation biology from the ecological causes of food limitation to the physiological and evolutionary consequences of prolonged fasting. It is written for an audience with an understanding of general principles in animal physiology, yet offers a level of analysis and interpretation that will engage seasoned scientists. Each chapter is written by active researchers in the field of comparative physiology and draws on the primary literature of starvation both in nature and the laboratory. The chapters are organized among broad taxonomic categories, such as protists, arthropods, fishes, reptiles, birds, and flying, aquatic, and terrestrial mammals including humans; particularly well-studied animal models, e.g. endotherms are further organized by experimental approaches, such as analyses of blood metabolites, stable isotopes, thermobiology, and modeling of body composition.
  nurses need physiology diabetes mellitus: The Future of Nursing Institute of Medicine, Committee on the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Initiative on the Future of Nursing, at the Institute of Medicine, 2011-02-08 The Future of Nursing explores how nurses' roles, responsibilities, and education should change significantly to meet the increased demand for care that will be created by health care reform and to advance improvements in America's increasingly complex health system. At more than 3 million in number, nurses make up the single largest segment of the health care work force. They also spend the greatest amount of time in delivering patient care as a profession. Nurses therefore have valuable insights and unique abilities to contribute as partners with other health care professionals in improving the quality and safety of care as envisioned in the Affordable Care Act (ACA) enacted this year. Nurses should be fully engaged with other health professionals and assume leadership roles in redesigning care in the United States. To ensure its members are well-prepared, the profession should institute residency training for nurses, increase the percentage of nurses who attain a bachelor's degree to 80 percent by 2020, and double the number who pursue doctorates. Furthermore, regulatory and institutional obstacles-including limits on nurses' scope of practice-should be removed so that the health system can reap the full benefit of nurses' training, skills, and knowledge in patient care. In this book, the Institute of Medicine makes recommendations for an action-oriented blueprint for the future of nursing.
  nurses need physiology diabetes mellitus: Fundamentals of Nursing - E-Book Patricia A. Potter, Anne G. Perry, Patricia A. Stockert, Amy Hall, 2012-03-22 NEW and UNIQUE! Building Competency boxes help you apply QSEN (Quality & Safety Education for Nurses) competencies to realistic clinical situations. NEW and UNIQUE! Expanded Evidence-Based Practice boxes highlight the importance of current clinical research in daily practice. NEW! Case studies in all clinical chapters allow you to practice using care plans and concept maps to perform clinical application exercises. NEW and UNIQUE! Clinical Application questions test your understanding of clinical practices. NEW! Skill guidelines for blood glucose monitoring help you ensure accurate readings when performing this common skill. NEW! Content on violence, genetics/genomics, compassion fatigue, bullying, and the accreditation process addresses current concerns in nursing practice. NEW! More than 725 review questions test your retention of key chapter concepts. NEW! Three comprehensive fundamentals practice exams and a calculations tutorial on the companion Evolve website help you assess your understanding. More than 100 NEW photos clarify procedures and familiarize you with the latest clinical equipment. NEW! Glossary provides quick, convenient access to definitions for all key terms.
  nurses need physiology diabetes mellitus: Health Psychology in Nursing Practice Elizabeth Barley, 2016-04-12 Health Psychology in Nursing Practice gives nurses and healthcare practitioners the essentials of health psychology to assist patients and their relatives in adjusting to diagnoses, coping with treatments and other disease-related life changes, managing symptoms and making healthy choices. Directly aimed at nurses, this textbook helps them improve their practice in a very practical way. Key features: * Concise content specifically aimed at nurses and other healthcare professions and taking both an evidence-based and applied approach * Key learning objectives and chapters summaries for revision * Case examples give even more insight into how theory works in the real world * Reflective activities help think about real life practice and quizzes test your knowledge Elizabeth Barley is a Chartered Psychologist, Practitioner Health Psychologist and Registered General Nurse. She is Professor in Health and Wellbeing at the University of West London and Visiting Senior Lecturer at the Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, King’s College London.
  nurses need physiology diabetes mellitus: Patient Safety and Quality Ronda Hughes, 2008 Nurses play a vital role in improving the safety and quality of patient car -- not only in the hospital or ambulatory treatment facility, but also of community-based care and the care performed by family members. Nurses need know what proven techniques and interventions they can use to enhance patient outcomes. To address this need, the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), with additional funding from the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, has prepared this comprehensive, 1,400-page, handbook for nurses on patient safety and quality -- Patient Safety and Quality: An Evidence-Based Handbook for Nurses. (AHRQ Publication No. 08-0043). - online AHRQ blurb, http://www.ahrq.gov/qual/nurseshdbk/