Ankle Drawer

Understanding Your Ankle Drawer: A Comprehensive Guide

Introduction:

Have you ever experienced that unsettling feeling of instability in your ankle, a sense that your foot feels loose or might give way at any moment? You might be experiencing what's known as ankle instability, often linked to a problem with your "ankle drawer." This isn't a literal drawer, of course, but rather a descriptive term for the way your ankle joint holds your foot in place. This comprehensive guide will delve deep into the anatomy of your ankle, explain what an "ankle drawer" signifies in terms of injury and instability, explore common causes, effective diagnostic methods, treatment options, and strategies for prevention and rehabilitation. By the end, you'll have a thorough understanding of your ankle's mechanics and how to best protect this crucial joint.

Anatomy of the Ankle Joint: Understanding the Foundation

The ankle joint is a marvel of engineering, a complex interplay of bones, ligaments, tendons, and muscles working in harmony to support our weight and enable movement. The three bones primarily involved are the tibia (shinbone), fibula (smaller bone in the lower leg), and the talus (a bone in the foot). These bones articulate to form a hinge-like joint allowing for dorsiflexion (lifting the foot towards the shin) and plantarflexion (pointing the toes downwards). Crucially, the stability of this joint relies heavily on a network of ligaments, which act like strong ropes connecting the bones. These ligaments, particularly the anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL), calcaneofibular ligament (CFL), and posterior talofibular ligament (PTFL), play a vital role in preventing excessive movement and maintaining joint integrity. Damage to these ligaments is often at the heart of ankle drawer issues.

What is Ankle Drawer Instability?

Ankle drawer instability refers to an excessive amount of anterior-posterior (forward and backward) translation of the talus within the ankle mortise. In simpler terms, it means the talus can move too far forward or backward in relation to the tibia and fibula. This abnormal movement is often a result of ligament damage, particularly the ATFL, which is the most commonly injured ligament in ankle sprains. When this ligament is compromised, the ankle loses its natural restraint, leading to the feeling of looseness or instability. This instability can manifest as a recurring feeling of the ankle giving way, particularly during activities requiring quick changes in direction or impact.

Causes of Ankle Drawer Instability: Unraveling the Root of the Problem

The most common cause of ankle drawer instability is a severe ankle sprain, often involving a forceful twisting or inversion injury. This type of injury can overstretch or tear the ligaments responsible for stabilizing the ankle joint, particularly the ATFL. Other potential causes include:

Previous Ankle Injuries: Repeated sprains or poorly healed fractures can weaken the surrounding ligaments and lead to chronic instability.
Repetitive Stress: Engaging in activities that repeatedly stress the ankle joint, such as running, jumping, or certain sports, can increase the risk of instability over time.
Underlying Medical Conditions: Certain medical conditions, such as arthritis or ligament laxity (joint hypermobility), can predispose individuals to ankle instability.
Improper Footwear: Inadequate support from footwear can contribute to ankle instability by not providing sufficient protection and stability to the joint.

Diagnosing Ankle Drawer Instability: Identifying the Problem

Diagnosing ankle drawer instability typically involves a physical examination by a medical professional. The doctor will assess the range of motion in your ankle, checking for excessive anterior translation (the "drawer" sign). This involves gently pulling the foot forward while stabilizing the lower leg. Excessive movement compared to the uninjured ankle suggests ligament damage. Other diagnostic tests may include:

X-rays: These can rule out fractures or other bony abnormalities.
MRI scan: This provides detailed images of the soft tissues, including ligaments, allowing for a precise assessment of the extent of the damage.
Stress Radiographs: These specialized X-rays assess the stability of the ankle joint under stress.

Treatment Options for Ankle Drawer Instability: Restoring Stability

Treatment for ankle drawer instability varies depending on the severity of the injury and the individual's needs. Options may include:

Conservative Treatment: This often involves RICE (rest, ice, compression, elevation), pain management, and physical therapy to strengthen the surrounding muscles and improve joint stability. Bracing or taping the ankle can also provide additional support.
Surgical Intervention: In cases of severe ligament damage or persistent instability despite conservative measures, surgery may be necessary to repair or reconstruct the damaged ligaments. Surgical techniques aim to restore the ankle's anatomical stability.

Rehabilitation and Prevention: Long-Term Strategies

Rehabilitation after an ankle injury is crucial for restoring function and preventing future problems. A tailored rehabilitation program typically involves:

Range of motion exercises: Gradually restoring the full range of motion in the ankle joint.
Strengthening exercises: Building strength in the muscles surrounding the ankle to improve stability.
Proprioceptive training: Improving balance and coordination to enhance ankle stability.
Gradual return to activity: A phased return to activity, gradually increasing the intensity and duration of physical activity.

Prevention of ankle instability focuses on minimizing the risk factors. This includes:

Proper warm-up and stretching: Preparing the muscles and joints before physical activity.
Appropriate footwear: Wearing supportive footwear with good ankle support.
Maintaining fitness and strength: Strengthening the muscles surrounding the ankle to provide stability.
Avoiding high-risk activities: Limiting participation in activities that put excessive stress on the ankle joint.

Ebook Outline: "Mastering Your Ankle Stability"

Author: Dr. Emily Carter, PT, DPT

Introduction: What is ankle drawer instability and why it matters.
Chapter 1: Anatomy of the ankle joint – bones, ligaments, muscles.
Chapter 2: Understanding ankle sprains and their impact on stability.
Chapter 3: Diagnosing ankle instability – physical exam, imaging techniques.
Chapter 4: Treatment options – conservative vs. surgical approaches.
Chapter 5: Comprehensive rehabilitation programs – exercises and recovery.
Chapter 6: Prevention strategies – proactive measures to avoid injury.
Chapter 7: Case studies – real-world examples of recovery and management.
Conclusion: Maintaining long-term ankle health and stability.

Detailed Explanation of Ebook Chapters:

Chapter 1: Anatomy of the Ankle Joint: This chapter provides a detailed anatomical overview of the ankle joint, including the bones, ligaments, tendons, and muscles involved. It will use clear diagrams and illustrations to help readers visualize the intricate structure and understand how each component contributes to ankle stability.

Chapter 2: Understanding Ankle Sprains and Their Impact on Stability: This chapter will focus specifically on ankle sprains, the most common cause of ankle drawer instability. It will explain different types of sprains, their mechanisms of injury, and how they affect the ligaments that contribute to ankle stability. Emphasis will be placed on understanding the severity of sprains and their potential long-term implications.

Chapter 3: Diagnosing Ankle Instability: This chapter will guide readers through the diagnostic process for ankle instability. It will cover physical examination techniques, imaging modalities like X-rays and MRIs, and the interpretation of test results. The importance of seeking professional medical advice will be highlighted.

Chapter 4: Treatment Options: This chapter will compare and contrast conservative and surgical treatment options for ankle drawer instability. It will explore the benefits and limitations of each approach, including physical therapy, bracing, medication, and surgical procedures.

Chapter 5: Comprehensive Rehabilitation Programs: This chapter will delve into the specifics of rehabilitation programs, providing detailed descriptions of exercises to improve range of motion, strength, and proprioception. Progressive loading principles and the importance of gradual return to activity will be stressed.

Chapter 6: Prevention Strategies: This chapter will provide practical advice on preventing ankle injuries. Topics covered include proper footwear, warm-up routines, stretching exercises, strengthening exercises, and modification of activities to reduce the risk of sprains.

Chapter 7: Case Studies: This chapter will present real-life case studies illustrating the diagnostic process, treatment options, and recovery journeys of individuals with ankle drawer instability. These examples will help readers understand the variability in individual experiences and outcomes.

Conclusion: The conclusion will summarize the key takeaways from the book, emphasizing the importance of understanding ankle anatomy, recognizing the signs of instability, seeking prompt medical care, and adhering to a comprehensive rehabilitation program for optimal recovery and long-term ankle health.

FAQs:

1. What is the "drawer sign" in ankle exams? The drawer sign refers to the excessive forward movement of the talus bone in relation to the tibia and fibula, indicating potential ligament damage.

2. Can ankle drawer instability be treated without surgery? Yes, many cases of ankle drawer instability can be successfully managed with conservative treatment, including physical therapy, bracing, and medication.

3. How long does it take to recover from an ankle sprain causing drawer instability? Recovery time varies depending on the severity of the injury and the individual's response to treatment. It can range from several weeks to several months.

4. What are the long-term effects of untreated ankle drawer instability? Untreated instability can lead to chronic pain, recurrent sprains, osteoarthritis, and functional limitations.

5. What type of physical therapy is most effective for ankle drawer instability? Physical therapy programs typically focus on range of motion exercises, strengthening exercises, and proprioceptive training to improve balance and coordination.

6. Can I return to sports after an ankle sprain causing drawer instability? Yes, but a gradual return to activity is crucial. It's important to follow your physical therapist's guidance and only resume sports once your ankle is fully healed and stable.

7. What kind of bracing is recommended for ankle drawer instability? Different types of braces are available, including ankle supports, lace-up braces, and hinged braces. The choice of brace depends on the severity of the injury and individual needs.

8. Are there specific exercises I should avoid with ankle drawer instability? Avoid exercises that place excessive stress on the injured ankle, such as high-impact activities or those involving quick changes in direction, until full recovery.

9. How can I prevent future ankle sprains? Prevention strategies include proper warm-up, appropriate footwear, strengthening exercises, and paying attention to your body's limitations.

1. Ankle Sprain Treatment: A Step-by-Step Guide: This article details the various treatment options for ankle sprains, from RICE protocol to physical therapy.

2. Ankle Ligament Tears: Understanding the Different Types: This article provides an in-depth explanation of the different ankle ligaments and the types of tears that can occur.

3. Ankle Instability Exercises: A Comprehensive Program: This article outlines a detailed exercise program for improving ankle stability and strength.

4. Choosing the Right Ankle Brace for Your Needs: This article helps readers select the most appropriate ankle brace based on their specific injury and activity level.

5. The Role of Physical Therapy in Ankle Injury Recovery: This article explores the importance of physical therapy in the rehabilitation process for ankle injuries.

6. Surgical Repair of Ankle Ligaments: Techniques and Recovery: This article discusses surgical techniques for repairing damaged ankle ligaments and the recovery process.

7. Preventing Ankle Sprains in Athletes: Tips and Strategies: This article provides practical advice on preventing ankle sprains in athletes and other physically active individuals.

8. Understanding Ankle Arthritis: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment: This article explains the causes, symptoms, and treatment options for ankle arthritis.

9. Chronic Ankle Pain: Identifying the Underlying Causes: This article explores the various potential causes of chronic ankle pain and strategies for diagnosis and management.

ankle drawer: Lateral Ankle Instability Hélder Pereira, Stéphane Guillo, Mark Glazebrook, Masato Takao, James Calder, Niek Van Dijk, Jón Karlsson, 2021-04-28 This superbly illustrated, up-to-date reference textbook covers all aspects of ankle instability and its management. Readers will find extensive information on biomechanics, injury prevention, current strategies for conservative treatment, and established and emerging surgical techniques. The most recent procedures, particularly those which are minimally invasive and arthroscopically assisted, are described and discussed in depth. Detailed attention is also devoted to controversies such as the indications and timing for conservative or surgical treatment, the current and future roles of arthroscopy, the definition of “anatomic” repair, and the upcoming concept of “anatomic reconstruction” (replication of anatomy by using a graft). The book is published in cooperation with ESSKA, and the chapter authors include clinicians and scientists working in the field of foot and ankle orthopaedics and sports medicine from across the world. All who are involved in the care of patients suffering from ankle instability, including amateur and high-level athletes, will find Lateral Ankle Instability to be an excellent source of knowledge and a valuable aid to clinical practice.
ankle drawer: Tendon and Ligament Injuries of the Foot and Ankle Jarrett D. Cain, MaCalus V. Hogan, 2022-10-13 Injuries of the foot and ankle can be debilitating and lead to chronic instabilities that can impede the daily activities of patients. As a result, it requires a solid understanding of foot and ankle anatomy and pathology in order to diagnosis these types of injuries and establish a clear treatment regimen for the patient to be functional and prevent long-term complications. For the foot and ankle specialist, the understanding of the injury patterns and treatment algorithms continues to evolve with the addition of new information on non-surgical and surgical techniques that are continuing to be introduced to the medical community. However, it is important to determine how the latest developments and treatment advances are disseminated through an evidence-based approach, to allow for proper evaluation of their usefulness as well as how to properly initiate and perform these treatments during patient care. To that end, this book provides a comprehensive overview of the diagnosis and management of muscle, tendon and ligament injuries of the foot and ankle. Opening with a review of diagnostic and imaging procedures, focused, concise chapters then describe the current evaluation and management strategies for a wide variety of soft tissue conditions, including turf toe, Lisfranc injuries, acute and chronic later ankle injuries, subtalar joint injuries, peroneal tendon injuries, and Achilles tendon injuries, among others. Each chapter brings together and reviews the latest literature on the topic, offering evidence-based guidelines for foot and ankle specialists, orthopedic surgeons and podiatrists as well as residents, fellows and all staff involved in the treatment of these injuries and conditions.
ankle drawer: Foot and Ankle Christopher W. DiGiovanni, Justin Greisberg, 2007-01-01 Offers a focused, clincal overview of a foot and ankle treatment. Organized by disorder, and a bulleted templated layout expedite reference. A chapter on foot examination techniques provides training in the latest skills essential for accurate diagnosis. Emphasis is on evidence-based treatments.
ankle drawer: The Activator Method Arlan W. Fuhr, 2008-01-24 From basic scan protocols to advanced assessment procedures, THE ACTIVATOR METHOD, 2nd Edition discusses the Activator Method Chiropractic Technique (AMCT) in an easy-to-understand, how-to approach. This updated 2nd edition covers all aspects of the controlled low-force analytical and adjusting system, from the history of the technique to in-depth examinations of body structures. It also features expanded content on supportive subjects from seven new contributors, discussing topics such as activator and instrument adjusting history, instrument reliability in the literature, the neurology of pain and inflammation, temporal mandibular disorders, and leg length reactivity. - UNIQUE! As the only Activator Method textbook in the field, it is known as the standard reference in Activator. - Expert author, Dr. Arlan Fuhr, is a co-founder of the AMCT, bringing his unparalleled expertise to the subject. - Brand new full-color photos detail assessment procedures, specific anatomical contact points, and lines of drive to clearly show procedures for easier learning. - Clinical Observations boxes share the author's knowledge from years of experience and provide tips on analysis of certain conditions and suggestions for atypical cases. - Summary tables in each clinical chapter allow you to quickly access pertinent information. - Step-by-step instruction throughout the Instrumentation section helps you understand the principles of the technique. - Appendix: Activator Quick Notes for Basic and Advanced Protocol provides at-a-glance reviews of important points and things to remember when performing basic and advanced protocols. - A new chapter on leg length analysis procedures offers comprehensive coverage of this critical step in using the Activator Method. - Seven new contributors bring fresh insight to AMCT.
ankle drawer: Atlas of the Musculoskeletal Examination Gerald F. Moore, 2003 One of every seven Americans reports some form of musculoskeletal complaint that limits activity or productivity. Musculoskeletal problems are the leading cause of illness at work and the origin of most temporary and permanent disabilities. Not surprisingly, then, a significant proportion of diagnosis and treatment is rendered by primary care physicians and other nonspecialist healthcare providers. Atlas of the Musculoskeletal Examination provides physicians with the most appropriate tests, concisely explaining what to look for and when to treat. General principles are initially discussed. Subsequent chapters focus on particular body areas: the upper extremities (shoulder, elbow, wrist, hand/fingers), gait and spine, and the lower extremities (hip, knee, ankle, foot/toes).
ankle drawer: Bone and Joint Disorders of the Foot and Ankle Maurice Bouysset, 2013-04-17 This book presents the essential anatomic and radiological data, discussing new and refined techniques of imaging such that readers may rely on their interpretation. The chapters on pathology are approached in a clinical context, accompanied by numerous diagrams and photographs, while the references, both classical and recent, are profuse. The result is a complete review of the subject, of interest to both the specialist and the non-specialist.
ankle drawer: Foot and Ankle Instability Beat Hintermann, Roxa Ruiz, 2021-01-04 This book comprehensively discusses the basic and practical aspects of foot and ankle surgery applied to all pathologies resulting from instabilities of these joints, a condition that remains underestimated. Uniquely, it not only addresses injuries to the lateral ankle ligaments, but also examines injuries to the deltoid-spring ligament complex, the syndesmotic and chopart joint ligaments, as well as peritalar instability – all pathologies that have often been neglected in the past. For each type of instability, it describes the anatomical basics and the biomechanical features, allowing readers to understand the injury pattern, the subsequent symptoms and clinical findings. Further, it offers guidance on selecting the most appropriate imaging tool for diagnosis and planning surgical reconstruction. Written by world-renowned pioneers in the field, and featuring a wealth of high-quality, intraoperative pictures, the book guides readers step-by-step through the latest, innovative technical surgical solutions for each condition. With its consistent structure, from the basics to the solution, its problem-oriented approach as well as its meticulously selected iconography, this book is a must-read for all orthopedic surgeons with an interest in foot and ankle surgery whishing to explore this promising field. Further, it is a valuable resource for residents, researchers and physiotherapists wishing to gain insights into foot and ankle instability and reconstructive surgery.
ankle drawer: Foot and Ankle Arthroscopy James F. Guhl, Melbourne D. Boynton, J.Serge Parisien, 2006-04-28 Drs. Guhl, Parisien and Boynton, pioneers in the development of modern arthroscopic techniques have invited a prestigious group of contributors to prepare the third edition of Foot and Ankle Arthroscopy. This comprehensive work will address the most recent and valuable developments in foot and ankle arthroscopy and will be a valuable resource for orthopaedic surgeons, general orthopaedists, sports medicine practitioners and podiatrists. Target group: orthopaedic surgeons, sports medicine practitioners, podiatrists
ankle drawer: Handbook of Special Tests in Musculoskeletal Examination E-Book Paul Hattam, Alison Smeatham, 2020-05-13 Despite growing reliance on imaging, clinical examination remains the bedrock of diagnosis of the musculoskeletal patient. Special tests have widespread utility particularly in sport and can often help to elucidate a patient's presentation where the lesion is subtle and otherwise difficult to detect and, in turn, guide management and treatment. Special Tests in Musculoskeletal Examination 2nd Edition is a pocketbook guide to over 100 peripheral tests. It includes: - a fully illustrated step-by-step guide to each test giving clinicians all the information they need at their fingertips. - a focussed review of the latest evidence and how this applies to practice. - use of clinical tips and expert opinion to allow clinicians to select the most appropriate test and interpret the results meaningfully. - Full review of the evidence integrated into the entire text. - New clinical context section at the start of each section making it easy to find and providing advanced background knowledge to extend the readers knowledge. - Brand new colour photography to show each test clearly throughout. - Additional tests included allowing readers to extend their knowledge and understanding.
ankle drawer: Differential Diagnosis and Management for the Chiropractor: Protocols and Algorithms Thomas A. Souza, 2009-10-07 The Fourth Edition of this best-selling reference is a compendium of evidence-based approaches to the most common presenting complaints. Covering both musculoskeletal and visceral complaints, this text is intended to direct the chiropractor toward an appropriate plan of approach in both diagnostic evaluation and care. Highlighting these approaches are flowcharts (algorithms), relevant historical questioning, and summaries of common conditions related to the presenting complaint. Important Notice: The digital edition of this book is missing some of the images or content found in the physical edition.
ankle drawer: Evaluation and Surgical Management of the Ankle Dolfi Herscovici Jr., Jeffrey O. Anglen, John S. Early, 2023-08-18 This book is a practical guide to the evaluation and management of surgical problems associated with the ankle. Divided into six thematic sections, it opens with general considerations for the ankle, including discussion of the anatomy, physiology and biomechanics of the ankle joint, along with relevant radiography and evaluation of ankle pain. The subsequent sections focus on specific injury types, from soft tissue injuries of tendons and ligaments, to classification and management of the various types of ankle fractures, to diabetic and Charcot neuropathy and chronic problems such as infections, post-traumatic arthritis and osteochondral disorders. Detailed descriptions of surgical algorithms are complemented with intraoperative photos and radiographs, providing a well-rounded presentation utilizing the most up-to-date evidence and clinical guidelines. Written by experts in the field, Evaluation and Surgical Management of the Ankle will be an excellent resource for orthopedic and podiatric surgeons, residents, nurse practitioners and physician assistants.
ankle drawer: Sports Chiropractic Robert D. Mootz, Kevin A. McCarthy, 1999 Contributions from leaders in the field of sports chiropractic. Reprints from five years of Topics in Clinical Chiropractic updated with recent information Support documents for exercise testing, pre-test history and informed c
ankle drawer: ACSM's Sports Medicine Francis G. O'Connor, 2012-09-10 The field of sports medicine is evolving, accelerated by emerging technologies and changing health care policies. To stay up to speed and ace the Boards, you need a resource that moves at your pace. Sanctioned by the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM), this handy review addresses all areas of the sports medicine subspecialty board examination--with coverage that spans the full spectrum of sports medicine, from medical to skeletal conditions related to the athlete. The editors and authors include orthopedic surgeons, family physicians, pediatricians, internal medicine specialists, physiatrists, certified athletic trainers, physical therapists, psychologists, nutritionists, exercise physiologists and more, ensuring that you'll benefit from the broad spectrum of expertise embraced by the specialty. Look inside and explore...* Seven convenient sections address general considerations, evaluation of the injured athlete, medical problems, musculoskeletal problems, principles of rehabilitation, sports-specific populations, and special populations.* Comprehensive coverage includes all topic areas featured on sports medicine subspecialty board exams.* Easy-access bulleted format makes essential facts simple to locate and recall.* Tables, figures, and algorithms make complex ideas easy to grasp and retain. PLUS...* An online companion resource includes nearly 1,000 board-style practice questions with rationale for correct and incorrect responses--a great way to test your knowledge and improve your exam performance!
ankle drawer: The Art of the Musculoskeletal Physical Exam John G. Lane, Alberto Gobbi, João Espregueira-Mendes, Camila Cohen Kaleka, Nobuo Adachi, 2023-06-16 This book is an invaluable resource for all those seeking to enhance their proficiency in physical examination. Emphasizing its importance for thorough assessments and accurate diagnoses, it equips practitioners with comprehensive theoretical and practical knowledge. With seven sections devoted to different orthopedic structures, the book meticulously examines their underlying anatomy, pathological conditions, and diagnostic methodologies. Each author presents joint-specific tests, and detailed anatomical insights, enabling accurate assessments and identification of underlying conditions. Written and edited by members of ISAKOS, this collaboration draws upon the expertise of leading international experts. Appealing to a broad readership, it is an invaluable tool for orthopedists, sports medicine physicians, physical therapists, athletic trainers and students.
ankle drawer: Biomechanical Performance and Relevant Mechanism of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation for Neuromusculoskeletal Disorders Qipeng Song, Li Li, Pui Wah Kong, Lin Wang, Feng Wei, 2023-11-23 Biomechanical performance is a key to evaluating effectiveness in physical medicine and rehabilitation for neuromusculoskeletal disorders. Assessments can be applied to degenerative dysfunction (e.g., falls or knee osteoarthritis in older adults) and sports-related injuries (e.g., ankle sprain or anterior cruciate ligament injury). Patients' body movements and daily activity functions can be compared to the state of pre-injury condition or to the level of healthy individuals. Some cutting-edge studies have gone a step further and used biomechanical performance to develop physical medicine and rehabilitation approaches and explore the mechanisms behind their effectiveness. However, such studies are still relatively rare. This research topic is intended to encourage more relevant projects to be published. This research topic aims to encourage researchers to use biomechanical performance to design advanced physical medicine and rehabilitation approaches, evaluate the effectiveness of the rehabilitation approaches, and explore the mechanisms by which rehabilitation approaches work for neuromusculoskeletal disorders. Some studies have developed stretching approaches for the rehabilitation of knee osteoarthritis in older adults by measuring biomechanical performance during functional activities. Some studies indicated that the mechanism of physical activity to reduce falls in older adults lies in its effectiveness in increasing proprioceptive sensitivity, and further indicated that rehabilitation of proprioception may be a key to reducing falls in the fall-prone older adult population. Some other studies analyzed biomechanical performance in ankle ligament injuries to understand when, how, and why ligaments fail. As a result, this research topic will expand the application of biomechanical performance to better understand and treat neuromusculoskeletal disorders.
ankle drawer: Essentials of Surgical Specialties Peter F. Lawrence, Richard M. Bell, Merril T. Dayton, 2007 Essentials of Surgical Specialties, Third Edition provides students with exactly what they need to learn and retain the clinical foundations in surgical specialties. Organized by specialty, the book explains the basic skills needed in nine core rotations and prepares students for their clerkship. More than 200 illustrations demonstrate relevant anatomy and common surgical approaches. This edition provides updated information on treatment options, imaging modalities, operative techniques, laparoscopic and robotic surgery, surgical devices and products, and postoperative care. Multiple-choice questions have been expanded and rewritten to NMBE format. A multiple-choice question bank will be available online at thePoint.
ankle drawer: Current Orthopaedic Practice Sanjeev Agarwal, 2021-09-30 The book is intended as the second edition of previously published ‘Current Orthopaedic Practice’. The book is a unique publication from the UK, which covers the entire clinical orthopaedic spectrum. The FRCS exam is an end-of-training examination for Orthopaedic trainees in the UK. There is a paucity of textbooks published in the UK which cover the spectrum of knowledge required. The updated edition builds on the success of the first edition. This book is divided into 18 chapters, which cover the entire remit of clinical orthopaedics. The chapter on sports injuries has been split into two chapters - disorders of the hip and disorders of the knee. A unique feature which has been retained is the incorporation of annotated bibliography within the text. The list of references has been provided as 'further reading suggestions' at the end of the chapter. The annotated text within the chapter helps the reader to understand the study design and key message from the article. The articles selected for inclusion in the text are seminal articles, or recent articles which have led to change in practice. The line drawings are simple and easy to reproduce. Classifications are presented pictorially as much as possible, instead of tables, and this helps memorisation. This book is an essential resource for all orthopaedic graduates, trainees and professionals alike.
ankle drawer: Office Orthopedics for Primary Care: Diagnosis Bruce Carl Anderson, 2005-12-07 This new companion to Office Orthopedics for Primary Care, 3rd Edition, provides straightforward, in-depth, full-color guidance on the diagnosis of 52 of the most common musculoskeletal problems seen in today's clinical settings. It spells out exactly what to look for during the physical examination and in what sequence, providing readers with the knowledge they need to effectively diagnose these problems. Lavish, full-color photographs and line drawings enhance the text and make concepts easier to understand. Features the expertise of Dr. Bruce Carl Anderson, a world authority on orthopedic practice in primary care. Presents proven how-to's of diagnosis for the 52 most common orthopedic problems. Features detailed descriptions and lavish illustrations-with hundreds of color photographs-to show every aspect of proper diagnosis. Provides comprehensive treatment reference tables that list best-practice treatments, procedures, and equipment, such as supports, braces, and casts. Gives cross-references to the companion volume, Office Orthopedics for Primary Care, 3rd Edition. Includes many at-a-glance tables showing diagnostic tips and features, clinical pearls, and differential diagnoses.
ankle drawer: Encyclopedia of Sports Medicine Lyle J. Micheli, 2011 This encyclopedia presents state-of-the-art research and evidence-based applications on the topic of sports medicine.
ankle drawer: Encyclopedia of Sports Medicine Lyle J. Micheli, M.D., 2010-11-17 With an ever-growing variety of sports and exercise opportunities open to people of all ages, classes, and races, participation in casual sports has blossomed in recent decades, while interest in collegiate and professional sports has continued to soar. The field of sports medicine is thriving in response to the demand for health care professionals to care for people involved in vigorous exercise. Now more than ever, it is imperative that doctors, physical therapists, surgeons, nurses, and alternative medicine practitioners understand and are able to treat effectively the types of conditions stemming from all types of physical activity, ranging from pleasure walking to professional football. Presenting state-of-the-art research and evidence-based applications, this four-volume resource provides the most comprehensive and accessible information available on sports medicine. The Encyclopedia of Sports Medicine describes all aspects of the field with perspectives, concepts, and methods from the medical, behavioral, and social sciences and physical education. Key Features · Includes contributions from preeminent healthcare professionals who are renowned experts · Presents a broad spectrum of entries covering a variety of key topics, a glossary, and two appendices · Contains more than 550 tables and images, including anatomical drawings, X-rays, and MRI scans · Illustrates selected diagnostic and treatment techniques step-by-step with more than 200 photographs · Offers an in-depth examination of the various career opportunities in this area, including orthopedists, athletic trainers, sports psychologists, and nutritionists Key Themes · Conditioning and Training · Diagnosis and Treatment of Sports Injuries · Diet and Nutrition · Doping and Performance Enhancement · Exercise Physiology, Biomechanics, Kinesiology · Injuries and Disorders · Injury Prevention · Medical Conditions Affecting Sports Participation · Rehabilitation and Physical Therapy · Special Populations · Specialties and Occupations in Sports Medicine · Sports and Society · Sports and Sports Medicine · Sports Psychology · Sports-Specific Injuries · Women and Sports
ankle drawer: Nuclear Medicine and Radiologic Imaging in Sports Injuries Andor W.J.M. Glaudemans, Rudi A.J.O. Dierckx, Jan L.M.A. Gielen, Johannes (Hans) Zwerver, 2015-06-12 This comprehensive book describes in detail how nuclear medicine and radiology can meet the needs of the sports medicine physician by assisting in precise diagnosis, clarification of pathophysiology, imaging of treatment outcome and monitoring of rehabilitation. Individual sections focus on nuclear medicine and radiologic imaging of injuries to the head and face, spine, chest, shoulder, elbow and forearm, wrist and hand, pelvic region, knee, lower leg, ankle and foot. The pathophysiology of sports injuries frequently encountered in different regions of the body is described from the perspective of each specialty, and the potential diagnostic and management benefits offered by the new hybrid imaging modalities – SPECT/CT, PET/CT, and PET/MRI – are explained. In addition, a range of basic and general issues are addressed, including imaging of the injuries characteristic of specific sports. It is hoped that this book will promote interdisciplinary awareness and communication and improve the management of injured recreational or elite athletes.
ankle drawer: Foot and Ankle David B. Thordarson, 2004 Written by rising stars in the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society, this volume of our Orthopaedic Surgery Essentials Series presents all the information residents need during foot and ankle surgery rotations. It can easily be read cover to cover during a rotation or used for quick reference before a patient workup or operation. The user-friendly, visually stimulating format features ample illustrations, algorithms, bulleted lists, charts, and tables. Coverage begins with anatomy, biomechanics, physical examination, and orthotics and proceeds to the specific problems encountered in the foot and ankle clinic. A chapter on arthroscopy is also included.
ankle drawer: Presentation, Imaging and Treatment of Common Musculoskeletal Conditions E-Book Mark D. Miller, Timothy G. Sanders, 2011-10-30 Take the mystery out of MRI interpretation and its relationship to arthroscopy with Presentation, Imaging and Treatment of Common Musculoskeletal Conditions: MR-Arthroscopy Correlation, by Drs. Mark D. Miller and Timothy G. Sanders. Abundantly illustrated with MR, arthroscopic, and anatomical images, this new title offers both orthopaedists and radiologists a correlated, systematic approach to diagnosis, helping you achieve accurate evaluations and ensuring that all clinically relevant structures are adequately assessed. Improve diagnostic accuracy, surgical planning/decision making, and patient outcomes by seeing how to correlate MRI and arthroscopic findings. Gain an enhanced appreciation of the sensitivity and specificity of MRI as a tool in musculoskeletal diagnosis. Enhance your diagnostic skills by reviewing illustrative case studies for each major joint, examining specific MRI and arthroscopic findings and considering the range of possible diagnoses. Take the mystery out of MRI interpretation to assess more confidently.
ankle drawer: Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Q&A Review, Second Edition Lyn D. Weiss, MD, Harry J. Lenaburg, MD, Jay M. Weiss, MD, 2017-05-15 Print version of the book includes free access to the app (web, iOS, and Android), which offers interactive Q&A review plus the entire text of the print book! Please note the app is included with print purchase only. Revised, expanded, and updated new edition of the first and only Q&A review for physical medicine and rehabilitation. Question and answer format remains one of the most effective methods for self-study and exam preparation. Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Q&A Review, Second Edition is a comprehensive active self-assessment tool for medical students, residents, and attending physicians. Configured to help professionals quickly and efficiently review core topics, the book covers in detail the breadth and scope of PM&R knowledge and practice. Now with 16 sections addressing key concepts and including emerging high-value content areas, the expanded second edition contains just under 1900 multiple-choice questions with answers and explanations. The must-know information in the PM&R curriculum for learning, individual self-assessment, and board review is at your fingertips. Key Features Comprehensive coverage of the knowledge base and clinical practice areas necessary for success More questions! Includes over 350 new questions on pain medications and conversion equivalents, gait patterns and analysis, spinal cord injury, and much more Completely new chapter on Ultrasound and Regenerative Medicine All questions reviewed and updated for currency; improved explanations; new illustrations
ankle drawer: Basketball Sports Medicine and Science Lior Laver, Baris Kocaoglu, Brian Cole, Amelia J. H. Arundale, Jeffrey Bytomski, Annunziato Amendola, 2020-10-05 This book is designed as a comprehensive educational resource not only for basketball medical caregivers and scientists but for all basketball personnel. Written by a multidisciplinary team of leading experts in their fields, it provides information and guidance on injury prevention, injury management, and rehabilitation for physicians, physical therapists, athletic trainers, rehabilitation specialists, conditioning trainers, and coaches. All commonly encountered injuries and a variety of situations and scenarios specific to basketball are covered with the aid of more than 200 color photos and illustrations. Basketball Sports Medicine and Science is published in collaboration with ESSKA and will represent a superb, comprehensive educational resource. It is further hoped that the book will serve as a link between the different disciplines and modalities involved in basketball care, creating a common language and improving communication within the team staff and environment.
ankle drawer: Pediatric Secrets Richard Alan Polin, Mark F. Ditmar, 2011-01-01 Portable and high yield, Pediatric Secrets is perfect for use in clinical rotations, exam prep, or as a handy clinical reference. Drs. Richard A. Polin and Mark F. Ditmar present the essential questions and answers to help you better meet the challenges you face every day, while updated chapters highlight the latest standards in pediatric care. A bestselling volume in the Secret Series®, its Q&A format, helpful lists and tables, mnemonics, and informal tone combine to make reference fast, easy, and enjoyable. Key Points boxes and a highly detailed index allow you to find information quickly and easily. Unique Q&A format expedites learning and retention. Top 100 Secrets section combines the top 100, high-yield facts into one chapter, providing a concise overview of the latest issues in pediatrics. High-yield content is ideal for exam preparation. Useful 2-color design highlights key headings and all questions. Portable size is designed to fit perfectly into a lab coat pocket. Provides the current standards of care for pediatric students and practitioners. Updated chapters reflect the latest advances in pediatrics. Expert Consult eBook version included with purchase. This enhanced eBook experience gives access to the text, figures, references, and additional content on a variety of devices.
ankle drawer: Musculoskeletal Sports and Spine Disorders Stuart B. Kahn, Rachel Yinfei Xu, 2018-02-08 Fulfilling the need for an easy-to-use resource on managing musculoskeletal disorders and sports injuries, this book provides differential diagnostic workups with recommended gold standard evaluations that lead to a simple and accurate diagnosis, followed by first-line treatment options. Organized by five sections - head and neck, upper extremity, lower extremity, abdomen/pelvis with trunk and chest, and cervical, thoracic and lumbosacral spine - chapters present a concise summary and move on to a description of the most common symptoms, etiology, epidemiology and/or common causes if traumatic in nature. The best and most accepted diagnostic tests are illustrated, along with recommended evidence-based medicine and what may be done based on community standards of care. Treatment options will be listed in order of the most conservative to the most aggressive. This complete reference will provide primary care, physiatry, and ER physicians, residents, PA’s and students a simple and practical approach for clinical and academic use.
ankle drawer: Pediatric and Adolescent Sports Traumatology Vincenzo Guzzanti, 2013-11-19 This book focuses on the evaluation and treatment of a wide range of sports injuries in relation to the Tanner stage of sexual development in young athletes. A series of detailed chapters address the injuries likely to be encountered in different parts of the body, including the spine, shoulder, elbow, wrist and hand, hip, knee, ankle, and feet. Among the topics that receive particular attention are epiphyseal-physeal injuries, capsular ligament tears and the impact of their treatment on joint and bone development, and stress syndromes of the musculoskeletal system. Helpful algorithms covering the diagnosis and treatment of ligament tears are included, and advice is provided on when to return an athlete to training. One chapter is devoted to non-sports-related pathologies that have to be considered in the differential diagnosis of sports injuries in adolescents. The contributors to this volume are all recognized leaders in their subspecialty who explain their own treatment preferences.
ankle drawer: Lovell and Winter's Pediatric Orthopaedics Stuart L. Weinstein, John M. Flynn, 2013-11-14 Now in its updated Seventh Edition, Lovell and Winter’s Pediatric Orthopaedics remains a must-have for physicians and residents treating infants, children, and adolescents with orthopaedic problems. This classic, comprehensive reference covers the basic science, clinical manifestations, and management of orthopaedic problems in children. Now in full color, the foremost orthopaedists examine normal musculoskeletal development and the causes, diagnosis, and treatment of the entire range of abnormalities, with emphasis on evidence-based decision making in treatment selection. The clinical chapters include pearls and pitfalls and a description of the author's preferred approach. The book will now cover surgical techniques of management with step-by-step illustrations from the Atlas of Pediatric Orthopaedic Surgery.
ankle drawer: Musculoskeletal Physical Examination E-Book Gerard A. Malanga, Kenneth Mautner, 2016-07-27 From an interdisciplinary author team now including orthopedic surgeons, PM&R specialists, and primary care and sports medicine experts, the second edition of Musculoskeletal Physical Examination: An Evidence-Based Approach educates physicians on how to give the most thorough physical examinations by understanding the why behind each type of exam. In-depth coverage of today's newest tests and techniques keeps you current in practice, and a new section titled Author's Preferred Approach guides you through difficult areas of examination. - Provides complete coverage of every musculoskeletal physical examination. - Easy-to-use tables summarize and compare the evidence for specificity and sensitivity of each test for each condition. - Utilizes over 200 illustrations to clearly depict each test. - Expert Consult eBook version included with purchase. This enhanced eBook experience allows you to search all of the text, figures, images, and references from the book on a variety of devices. You'll also have access to over 100 in-depth videos - many new to this edition - highlighting the latest exam techniques, such as the Thessaly test, Milking test, and Bear hug test. - Distinguished author team now includes orthopedic surgeons, PM&R specialists, and primary care sports medicine experts. - New section titled Author's Preferred Approach guides readers through difficult areas of examination. - Thorough updates and revisions made throughout each chapter keep you current in the field. - Full-color figures enhance visual clarity.
ankle drawer: ABC of Common Soft Tissue Disorders Francis Morris, Jim Wardrope, Paul Hattam, 2016-05-02 Soft tissue problems are very common, with one in four people at any one time suffering with a musculoskeletal disorder. ABC of Soft Tissue Disorders is a practical, fully illustrated guide to their assessment and treatment. Structured by body part, each chapter provides guidance on assessment, treatment and management, and covers common conditions such as sprains and strains, tendinopathy, ligament injuries, and sciatica. With particular focus on shoulders, back and knee problems (reflecting the frequency and complexity of problems in these parts of the body), it provides guidance on the essential history and examination required to reach an accurate diagnosis. Written by an expert author team, ABC of Soft Tissue Disorders is important reading for all general practitioners, nurse practitioners, junior doctors and medical students working in a range of settings, including emergency, minor injury departments, as well as in orthopaedics and rheumatology.
ankle drawer: Illustrated Orthopedic Physical Assessment Ronald C. Evans, 2009-02-17 Logically organized with comprehensive coverage, this newly revised third edition prepares you to choose the right orthopedic tests, accurately assess any patient, and arrive at a clear diagnosis. Trusted for both its depth of coverage and its accessible, accurate information, it features gamuts, clinical pearls, and cross-reference tables for quick and easy reference. Now in brilliant full color, with all new photos of every test, it's even more visually appealing, and illustrates common conditions and procedural tests more effectively than ever before. This edition offers a fresh look at testing for orthopedic conditions, with detailed text that explains the key moves of each test, its alternate names, and the appropriate reporting statement. Extensive cross-referencing ensures that you can easily find the right test for efficient and effective practice, and protocol charts guide you through the examination process step by step. - Chapters are logically organized by region, and tests within each chapter are arranged alphabetically, so you can find the information you need in seconds! - Each test begins with a brief discussion of basic anatomy, then moves into a description of the actual procedure and ends with next-step directives. - Critical Thinking questions at the end of each chapter help you apply what you've learned to clinical practice. - Orthopedic Gamuts provide summaries of key points in a concise list – numerous gamuts within each chapter help you master material quickly and easily. - Clinical Pearls share the author's knowledge gained through years of clinical experience, helping you avoid common misdiagnoses. - Cross-reference tables offer at-a-glance guidance on which tests should be used to diagnose particular diseases, for maximum accuracy and efficiency in practice. - Each chapter begins with an index of tests for easy reference, and axioms that remind you of elemental information, such as how painful certain maneuvers may be or the extent of some body parts' range. - Contains a chapter on malingering (non-organically-based complaints), helping you investigate and determine the root cause of complaint, whether due to injury, for psychological reasons, or an attempt to feign injury for various purposes, such as for improper receipt of worker's compensation. - Companion DVD contains video footage of Dr. Evans performing and explaining each assessment test in the book. - Full-color photographs demonstrate how to perform 237 orthopedic tests! - At the Viewbox feature contains high-quality radiographs that depict various pathologies, as well as musculature and other anatomy that can't be shown photographically.
ankle drawer: Examination of Orthopedic & Athletic Injuries Chad Starkey, Blaine Long, 2023-02-13 Great Book!! “Was worth the cost! Have used it a lot in Undergrad and Graduate school. Has great photos and examples.”—Online Reviewer The field’s standard resource brings you the most current knowledge through a superb combination of detailed illustrations and precise language to make even the most complicated concepts and techniques clear. Organized by body region, each chapter begins with a review of anatomy and biomechanics; proceeds through clinical evaluation, pathologies, and related special tests; and concludes with a discussion of on-field or initial management of specific injuries.
ankle drawer: Football Traumatology Piero Volpi, 2015-08-05 This book provides a comprehensive guide to the evaluation, treatment, and rehabilitation of musculoskeletal injuries commonly experienced by football (soccer) players. It will be of particular value for orthopedists and sports medicine practitioners, and will provide the information required by trainers and medical staff regarding the traumatic lesions associated with the sport. It is also anticipated that the book will assist in reducing the risk of trauma in footballers. The new edition has been revised to reflect advances in knowledge and practice and will be more valuable than ever, given that the risk of trauma continues to increase owing to the intensity and speed of modern football, the current training methods, and technical and tactical innovations. Injuries are a major adverse event during a footballer’s career, and they require appropriate medical and/or surgical treatment and rehabilitation. The overviews provided in this book will help in delivering such care.
ankle drawer: Orthopedic Physical Assessment - E-Book Robert C. Manske, David J. Magee, 2020-12-11 **Selected for Doody's Core Titles® 2024 with Essential Purchase designation in Sports Medicine** Build your skills in the assessment of musculoskeletal pathology! Orthopedic Physical Assessment, 7th Edition covers the principles of assessment for all of the body's structures and joints, including topics such as gait, posture, the head and face, amputees, primary care, and sports emergencies. The 7th edition offers additional functional assessment forms (e-tools), updated evidence-based reliability and validity tables, and hundreds of video clips (included with print purchase) demonstrating special tests on how to perform musculoskeletal assessment. Written by noted PT educators David J. Magee and Robert C. Manske, this reference uses a systematic, evidence-based approach to prepare you for success in clinicals, board exams, and in rehabilitation practice. - Over 2,500 full-color illustrations and photographs depict key concepts, along with assessment techniques and special tests. - At-a-glance icons show the clinical utility of special tests, supplemented by updated, evidence-based reliability and validity tables for tests and techniques - Quick-reference data includes hundreds of summary boxes, red-flag and yellow-flag boxes, differential diagnosis tables, muscle and nerve tables, and classification, normal values, and grading tables. - A Summary (Précis) of Assessment in each chapter serves as a review of assessment steps. - Combined with other books in the Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation series — Scientific Foundations and Principles of Practice, Pathology and Intervention, and Athletic and Sports Issues — this book provides you with the knowledge and background necessary to assess and treat musculoskeletal conditions. - NEW! Updated information in all chapters includes new special tests, as well as photos, line drawings, boxes, tables, and references. - NEW! Head and Face chapter features updated information on concussion management. - NEW! Enhanced Diagnostic Ultrasound Imaging section added to applicable chapters, along with new photos and diagnostic images. - NEW! Updated psychometric tables for special tests list reliability, sensitivity, specificity, and + and – likelihood ratios when available. - NEW! More case studies present real-life scenarios to help you develop assessment and diagnostic skills using information from the chapter. - NEW! Additional functional assessment forms (e-tools) have been incorporated. - NEW! Video clips, included with print purchase, demonstrate special tests to give you a clearer understanding of how to perform musculoskeletal assessment. - NEW! Enhanced ebook version, included with print purchase, provides access to all of the text, figures, and references from the book on a variety of devices.
ankle drawer: Special Tests in Musculoskeletal Examination E-Book Paul Hattam, Alison Smeatham, 2010-04-30 The proliferation of special tests used in musculoskeletal examination has left the clinician with a vast array of physical tests at their disposal. Special Tests in Musculoskeletal Examination is a handy one-stop guide with over 150 peripheral tests. The clinical context and evidence base is thoroughly explored and the addition of clinical tips and expert opinion will enable the clinician to select the most appropriate tests and interpret the results meaningfully. - Step-by-step description for each test - Clear photographic illustrations - 'At a glance' presentation of the background evidence - Detailed clinical context - Comprehensive referencing of orthopaedic special tests - Clinical tips
ankle drawer: Operative Techniques in Orthopaedic Surgery Sam W. Wiesel, 2015-07-10 Lavishly illustrated, comprehensive in scope, and easy to use, the second edition of Operative Techniques in Orthopaedic Surgery guides you to mastery of every surgical procedure you’re likely to perform – while also providing a thorough understanding of how to select the best procedure, how to avoid complications, and what outcomes to expect. More than 800 global experts take you step by step through each procedure, and 13,000 full-color intraoperative photographs and drawings clearly demonstrate how to perform the techniques. Extensive use of bulleted points and a highly templated format allow for quick and easy reference across each of the four volumes.
ankle drawer: Differential Diagnosis and Management for the Chiropractor Thomas A. Souza, 2005 Differential Diagnosis and Management for the Chiropractor: Protocols and Algorithms, Third Edition covers the range of complaints commonly seen in daily practice, including neurologic, gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and cardiopulmonary. The Third Edition of this best selling reference maintains its goal of helping the practitioner evaluate a patient's complaint in the context of a chiropractor's scope of practice and is dedicated to providing the most current research regarding the recommendations for the use of evaluation and management tools.
ankle drawer: Clinical Care of the Runner Mark A. Harrast, 2019-11-22 Offering current guidance from national and international experts, Clinical Care of the Runner provides a comprehensive, practical approach to caring for the runner patient. Editor Dr. Mark A. Harrast, Clinical Professor of Rehabilitation Medicine and Sports Medicine and Medical Director for Husky Stadium and the Seattle Marathon, ensures that you're up to date with assessment, biomechanics, musculoskeletal injuries, medical illness, training, special populations, and other key topics. - Covers general topics such as evaluation of the injured runner, on-the-field and in-office assessment, and sports psychology for the runner. - Includes biomechanics and rehabilitation chapters, including running gait assessment, choosing a running shoe, and deep water running for prevention and rehabilitation of running injuries. - Provides expert guidance on bone stress injuries and bone health, osteoarthritis and running, knee injuries in runners, and other musculoskeletal injuries. - Features a section on specific populations such as the novice runner, the youth runner, the peripartum runner, and the ultramarathoner. - Consolidates today's available information and guidance into a single, convenient resource.
ankle drawer: Pediatric Radiology Review Michael D. Pappas, Loren G. Yamamoto, Okechukwu Anene, 2007-11-05 Pediatric Radiology Review contains a vast array of information on embryology, anatomy, surgery and a lot more. This book also contains a review of radiographs in children, as well as the most common radiological problems with which students, residents and clinicians may be confronted on a daily basis. It is the first reference of its kind available, and it contains easy-to-read question and answer format for quick diagnosis.