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Artificial Heart Valve MRI Safety: A Comprehensive Guide for Patients and Caregivers
Introduction:
The advancement of medical technology has brought about incredible life-saving innovations, including artificial heart valves. These devices offer a lifeline to countless individuals suffering from debilitating heart conditions. However, the increasing reliance on Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) for diagnosis and monitoring raises crucial questions about the safety of these valves in the strong magnetic fields of an MRI machine. This comprehensive guide delves into the intricacies of artificial heart valve MRI safety, addressing common concerns, providing crucial information for patients and their families, and empowering you to make informed decisions about your healthcare. We will explore different valve types, MRI compatibility, potential risks, and the latest advancements in making these procedures safer.
Understanding Artificial Heart Valves and MRI Technology:
Before delving into safety concerns, it's crucial to understand the basics. Artificial heart valves replace damaged or diseased natural valves, restoring proper blood flow. These valves are typically made of materials like bioprosthetic tissues (animal tissues) or metallic alloys. MRI, on the other hand, uses powerful magnets and radio waves to create detailed images of the internal organs. The strong magnetic fields and radiofrequency pulses utilized in MRI scans pose potential risks to patients with certain implanted devices, including artificial heart valves.
Types of Artificial Heart Valves and their MRI Compatibility:
Not all artificial heart valves are created equal when it comes to MRI compatibility. The material composition plays a crucial role.
Metallic Valves: These valves, often made of alloys like stainless steel or cobalt-chromium, are generally considered unsafe for MRI scans. The strong magnetic field can cause the valve to move or even fracture, potentially leading to serious complications.
Bioprosthetic Valves: These valves, made from animal tissues (typically porcine or bovine), are generally considered safer for MRI. However, the risk is not entirely eliminated. The presence of metallic components within some bioprosthetic valves can still pose a risk, though often less significant than with fully metallic valves.
MRI-Conditional Valves: Recent advancements have led to the development of “MRI-conditional” valves. These valves are specifically designed to withstand the magnetic fields of an MRI scan under specific conditions. The manufacturer provides detailed specifications about the permissible MRI parameters (field strength, gradient strength, and specific sequence limitations). This information is crucial for safe MRI procedures.
Potential Risks of MRI Scans with Artificial Heart Valves:
The potential risks associated with MRI scans for patients with artificial heart valves vary depending on the type of valve and the specific MRI parameters used.
Device Displacement or Malfunction: The strong magnetic field can cause metallic valves to shift or malfunction, leading to potential life-threatening complications.
Heating Effects: Radiofrequency pulses used in MRI can generate heat. In some cases, this heat could potentially damage tissue around the valve or affect the valve's function.
Image Distortion: Metallic components within or near the heart valve can cause distortions in the MRI images, making accurate diagnosis challenging.
Arrhythmias: In rare cases, MRI scans can trigger irregular heartbeats (arrhythmias) in patients with artificial heart valves.
Minimizing Risks: Protocols and Precautions:
To minimize the risks associated with MRI scans for patients with artificial heart valves, several precautions and protocols are implemented.
Careful Pre-Scan Evaluation: A thorough evaluation of the patient's medical history, including the type of artificial heart valve and its MRI compatibility, is essential.
MRI Safety Checklist: The checklist ensures that all necessary safety measures are in place before the scan begins.
Specific MRI Parameters: The MRI parameters (field strength, gradient strength, and sequence type) are carefully selected to minimize risks. Lower field strength magnets are often preferred.
Real-Time Monitoring: The patient is closely monitored during the MRI scan to detect any adverse effects.
Post-Scan Monitoring: Following the MRI scan, patients are often monitored to ensure that there are no complications.
Advances in Artificial Heart Valve Technology and MRI Compatibility:
Ongoing research and development are focused on improving the MRI compatibility of artificial heart valves. The goal is to create devices that can withstand MRI scans without compromising safety or functionality. This includes developing new biocompatible materials and minimizing the use of metallic components.
The Role of Cardiologists and Radiologists:
Close collaboration between cardiologists and radiologists is crucial to ensure the safety of MRI procedures for patients with artificial heart valves. Cardiologists provide essential information about the patient's valve type and overall health, while radiologists determine the appropriate MRI parameters to minimize risks.
Patient and Caregiver Education:
Open communication between medical professionals and patients is essential. Patients and caregivers should actively participate in discussions about the risks and benefits of MRI scans, ensuring they are fully informed before making any decisions.
Ebook Outline: Artificial Heart Valve MRI Safety
Name: Navigating MRI Safety with Artificial Heart Valves: A Patient's Guide
Outline:
Introduction: Overview of artificial heart valves, MRI technology, and the importance of safety.
Chapter 1: Understanding Artificial Heart Valves: Different types of valves (metallic, bioprosthetic, MRI-conditional), their materials, and functionality.
Chapter 2: MRI Technology and its Potential Risks: Explanation of MRI principles, potential risks associated with artificial heart valves, and the importance of pre-scan evaluation.
Chapter 3: MRI Compatibility and Valve Types: Detailed discussion on the MRI safety profiles of various valve types and their implications.
Chapter 4: Minimizing Risks: Protocols and Precautions: Overview of safety protocols, specific MRI parameters, and the role of medical professionals.
Chapter 5: Latest Advances in Valve Technology: Discussion on the advancements in MRI-conditional valves and future developments.
Chapter 6: The Patient's Role in Ensuring Safety: Importance of open communication with medical professionals and making informed decisions.
Chapter 7: Case Studies and Examples: Real-world scenarios illustrating the importance of understanding MRI safety protocols.
Conclusion: Summary of key takeaways and resources for further information.
(Note: The following sections would constitute the body of the ebook, expanding upon the points in the outline above. Due to the length constraint, I cannot fully elaborate on each chapter here. However, the structure provided ensures a comprehensive guide.)
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs):
1. Is it always unsafe to have an MRI scan with an artificial heart valve? No, the safety depends on the valve type and the MRI parameters used. Some valves are MRI-conditional.
2. What type of artificial heart valve is most MRI-compatible? Generally, MRI-conditional valves are the safest, followed by bioprosthetic valves. Metallic valves are generally not compatible.
3. What should I do if I have an artificial heart valve and need an MRI? Discuss your needs with your cardiologist to determine the safest course of action.
4. What are the potential complications of an MRI scan with an artificial heart valve? Potential complications include device malfunction, heating effects, image distortion, and arrhythmias.
5. Can I get an MRI with a bioprosthetic heart valve? Potentially, but it depends on the specific valve and the MRI parameters. Your cardiologist should assess this.
6. How are MRI parameters adjusted for patients with artificial heart valves? The field strength, gradient strength, and sequence type are carefully selected to minimize risks.
7. What is an MRI-conditional heart valve? An MRI-conditional valve is designed to withstand the magnetic fields of an MRI scan under specific conditions.
8. What role do cardiologists and radiologists play in ensuring MRI safety? Cardiologists provide information about the valve, while radiologists select appropriate parameters.
9. Where can I find more information about artificial heart valve MRI safety? Consult your cardiologist, or reputable medical websites such as the FDA and your hospital's website.
Related Articles:
1. Bioprosthetic Heart Valve Durability: Discusses the longevity and performance of bioprosthetic valves.
2. Metallic Heart Valve Complications: Explores potential issues associated with metallic heart valves.
3. Choosing the Right Heart Valve: Guides readers on selecting the most appropriate valve based on their specific needs.
4. Cardiac MRI Techniques: Explains different MRI techniques used for cardiac imaging.
5. Understanding Heart Valve Disease: Provides a basic understanding of different types of heart valve diseases.
6. Post-Heart Valve Surgery Recovery: Addresses the recovery process after heart valve surgery.
7. Advances in Minimally Invasive Heart Surgery: Explores modern techniques in heart valve procedures.
8. The Role of Imaging in Heart Valve Diagnosis: Focuses on the importance of imaging techniques in diagnosis.
9. Long-Term Management of Artificial Heart Valves: Discusses the ongoing monitoring and care needed for patients with artificial heart valves.
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| artificial heart valve mri safety: Magnetic Resonance Frank G. Shellock, Emanuel Kanal, 1996 University of Southern California, Los Angeles. Handbook on the bioeffects of MR and its safety issues, for radiologists. Discusses potential risks to patients and professionals. Offers guidelines for daily practice. Softcover. DNLM: Magnetic Resonance Imaging - adverse effects. |
| artificial heart valve mri safety: Materials and Coatings for Medical Devices , 2009-01-01 The Materials Information Society, MPMD-Materials and Processes for Medical Devices. |
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| artificial heart valve mri safety: Magnetic Resonance Procedures Frank G. Shellock, 2000-12-21 Magnetic Resonance Procedures: Health Effects and Safety is the first authoritative text on MR procedures and its associated health and safety concerns written by noted radiologists, physicists, and scientists with expertise in the field. It contains both theoretical and practical information. This timely text discusses emergent issues rela |
| artificial heart valve mri safety: Stentless Bioprostheses Tirone E David, Hans A Huysmans, Stephen Westaby, 2004-11-23 This text is divided into seven sections covering the applications, uses, effects and designs of stentless bioprostheses. The three opening chapters describe the paediatric applications of stentless bioprostheses, with reference to aortic valve replacement and right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction Chapters in the second section discuss the use of stentless bioprostheses in the mitral position. The following two sections discuss different aspects of the clinical outcomes of stentless bioprostheses and the fifth section has seven chapters on haemodynamics and left ventricular function. The final sections cover the topics of implantation techniques and the design and construction of stentless bioprostheses. The second edition is updated and enhanced and is Illustrated in full colour. |
| artificial heart valve mri safety: Principles and Practice of Cardiac Magnetic Resonance in Congenital Heart Disease Mark A. Fogel, 2010-03-02 CMR is a powerful tool in the armamentarium of pediatric cardiology and health care workers caring for patients with congenital heart disease (CHD), but a successful study still presents major technical and clinical challenges. This text was created to give trainees, practitioners, allied professionals, and researchers a repository of dependable information and images to base their use of CMR on. Because CHD presents an intricate web of connections and associations that need to be deciphered, the imager performing CMR needs to understand not only anatomy, physiology, function, and surgery for CHD, but also the technical aspects of imaging. Written by experts from the world’s leading institutions, many of whom pioneered the techniques and strategies described, the text is organized in a logical way to provide a complete understanding of the issues involved. It is divided into three main parts: The Basics of CMR - familiarizes the reader with the minimum tools needed to understand the basics, such as evaluating morphology, ventricular function, and utilizing contrast agents CMR of Congenital and Acquired Pediatric Heart Disease - discusses broad categories of CHD and the use of CMR in specific disease states Special Topics in Pediatric Cardiac MR - covers other important areas such as the complementary role of CT scanning, interventional CMR, the role of the technologist in performing a CMR exam, and more With the ever increasing sophistication of technology, more can be done with CMR in a high quality manner in a shorter period of time than had been imagined as recently as just a few years ago. Principles and Practice of Cardiac Magnetic Resonance in Congenital Heart Disease: Form, Function, and Flow makes a major contribution to applying these techniques to improved patient care. An ideal introduction for the novice or just the curious, this reference will be equally useful to the seasoned practitioner who wants to keep pace with developments in the field and would like a repository of information and images readily availalble. |
| artificial heart valve mri safety: 3D Echocardiography Takahiro Shiota, 2020-12-29 Since the publication of the second edition of this volume, 3D echocardiography has penetrated the clinical arena and become an indispensable tool for patient care. The previous edition, which was highly commended at the British Medical Book Awards, has been updated with recent publications and improved images. This third edition has added important new topics such as 3D Printing, Surgical and Transcatheter Management, Artificial Valves, and Infective Endocarditis. The book begins by describing the principles of 3D echocardiography, then proceeds to discuss its application to the imaging of • Left and Right Ventricle, Stress Echocardiography • Left Atrium, Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy • Mitral Regurgitation with Surgical and Nonsurgical Procedures • Mitral Stenosis and Percutaneous Mitral Valvuloplasty • Aortic Stenosis with TAVI / TAVR • Aortic and Tricuspid Regurgitation • Adult Congenital Heart Disease, Aorta • Speckle Tracking, Cardiac Masses, Atrial Fibrillation KEY FEATURES In-depth clinical experiences of the use of 3D/2D echo by world experts Latest findings to demonstrate clinical values of 3D over 2D echo One-click view of 263 innovative videos and 352 high-resolution 3D/2D color images in a supplemental eBook. |
| artificial heart valve mri safety: Handbook of Cardiac Anatomy, Physiology, and Devices Paul A. Iaizzo, 2015-11-13 This book covers the latest information on the anatomic features, underlying physiologic mechanisms, and treatments for diseases of the heart. Key chapters address animal models for cardiac research, cardiac mapping systems, heart-valve disease and genomics-based tools and technology. Once again, a companion of supplementary videos offer unique insights into the working heart that enhance the understanding of key points within the text. Comprehensive and state-of-the art, the Handbook of Cardiac Anatomy, Physiology and Devices, Third Edition provides clinicians and biomedical engineers alike with the authoritative information and background they need to work on and implement tomorrow’s generation of life-saving cardiac devices. |
| artificial heart valve mri safety: Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging Raymond Y. Kwong, Michael Jerosch-Herold, Bobak Heydari, 2019-01-31 The significantly updated second edition of this important work provides an up-to-date and comprehensive overview of cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMR), a rapidly evolving tool for diagnosis and intervention of cardiovascular disease. New and updated chapters focus on recent applications of CMR such as electrophysiological ablative treatment of arrhythmias, targeted molecular MRI, and T1 mapping methods. The book presents a state-of-the-art compilation of expert contributions to the field, each examining normal and pathologic anatomy of the cardiovascular system as assessed by magnetic resonance imaging. Functional techniques such as myocardial perfusion imaging and assessment of flow velocity are emphasized, along with the exciting areas of artherosclerosis plaque imaging and targeted MRI. This cutting-edge volume represents a multi-disciplinary approach to the field, with contributions from experts in cardiology, radiology, physics, engineering, physiology and biochemistry, and offers new directions in noninvasive imaging. The Second Edition of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging is an essential resource for cardiologists and radiologists striving to lead the way into the future of this important field. |
| artificial heart valve mri safety: Cardiovascular Computed Tomography James Stirrup, Russell Bull, Michelle Williams, Ed Nicol, 2020 A practical guide to performing and analysing cardiovascular scans, this handbook is fully updated in this second edition. Containing a wealth of example scan images and detailed guidance on techniques and interpretations, this book is an invaluable workstation resource. |
| artificial heart valve mri safety: Reference Manual for Magnetic Resonance Safety, Implants, and Devices Frank G. Shellock, 2013-01-01 The Reference Manual for Magnetic Resonance Safety, Implants, and Devices: 2013 Edition is an indispensable textbook for radiologists, MRI technologists, facility managers, and other healthcare professionals. This internationally acclaimed, annually revised, and fully updated textbook series is a comprehensive information resource that includes guidelines and recommendations for MRI safety and patient management. The content is based on the latest peer-reviewed publications, labeling information from medical device companies, findings from recent investigations, as well as documents developed by professional and governmental organizations. Importantly, this textbook is a vital source of information for implants and devices evaluated for MRI-related issues. The List contains tabulated data for thousands of objects, including products tested at 3-Tesla. Coverage spans the full range of implants and devices encountered in patients referred for MRI procedures. |
| artificial heart valve mri safety: MRI and CT of the Cardiovascular System Charles B. Higgins, Albert de Roos, 2006 Written by internationally eminent experts in cardiovascular imaging, this volume provides state-of-the-art information on the use of MRI and CT in the assessment of cardiac and vascular diseases. This Second Edition reflects recent significant advances in cardiovascular MRI technology and the emergence of multi-detector CT as an important diagnostic modality, particularly for ischemic heart disease. New chapters in this edition cover coronary CTA and plaque characterization. A brand-new interventional MR section covers catheter tracking and devices, endovascular interventions, MR-guided cardiac catheterization, and endovascular delivery of gene and stem cell therapy. More than 900 illustrations present diagnostic information in unprecedented detail. |
| artificial heart valve mri safety: Pediatric MRI Rosalind B. Dietrich, 1991 |
| artificial heart valve mri safety: Musculoskeletal MRI E-Book Nancy M. Major, Mark W. Anderson, 2019-10-04 Ideal for residents, practicing radiologists, and fellows alike, this updated reference offers easy-to-understand guidance on how to approach musculoskeletal MRI and recognize abnormalities. Concise, to-the-point text covers MRI for the entire musculoskeletal system, presented in a highly templated format. Thoroughly revised and enhanced with full-color artwork throughout, this resource provides just the information you need to perform and interpret quality musculoskeletal MRI. - Includes the latest protocols, practical advice, tips, and pearls for diagnosing conditions impacting the temporomandibular joint, shoulder, elbow, wrist/hand, spine, hips and pelvis, knee, and foot and ankle. - Follows a quick-reference format throughout, beginning with basic technical information on how to obtain a quality examination, followed by a discussion of the normal appearance and the abnormal appearance for each small unit that composes a joint. - Depicts both normal and abnormal anatomy, as well as disease progression, through more than 600 detailed, high-quality images, most of which are new to this edition. - Features key information boxes throughout for a quick review of pertinent material. |
| artificial heart valve mri safety: Thrombosis, Embolism and Bleeding Eric G. Butchart, Endre Bodnar, 1992 |
| artificial heart valve mri safety: Oxford Handbook of Anaesthesia Keith Allman, Dr. Iain Wilson, 2006 The Oxford Handbook of Anaesthesia has been completely updated for the second edition. All chapters have been rewritten and a number of new expert authors have been brought on board. Additional new material includes anaesthesia for the critically ill, and a comprehensive section on anaesthetic risk including anaesthetic risk tables. The first section deals with preoperative issues affecting the administration of anaesthesia. Practical advice is provided covering the impact of medical disease on anaesthesia. The second section describes practical anaesthetic techniques for surgical specialties, including most subspecialties such as thoracic and neuroanaesthesia. Separate, comprehensive sections on paediatric and obstetric anaesthesia are included. The management of emergencies arising during anaesthesia are fully covered with helpful action plans and algorithms throughout. Uncommon conditions and their management are included, and there is an extensive drug formulary and guide to infusion drugs. As with the first edition, this new edition will be the essential handbook for anaesthetists, both junior and experienced, for registrars and those sitting exams, as well as ODPs and nurses involved in theatre area work and pre-assessment. It is the one book for anyone working in anaesthesia to keep to hand at all times! |
| artificial heart valve mri safety: The Patient's Guide to Heart Valve Surgery Adam Pick, 2007 Each year, over 250,000 heart valve repair and heart valve replacement operations are performed for conditions including stenosis, prolapse, insufficiency, aneurysm, Tetralogy of Fallot and regurgitation. However, most patients and caregivers surveyed felt their expectations were mismanaged - both before and after surgery. The Patient's Guide to Heart Valve Surgery was written by Adam Pick, a double heart valve surgery patient, to address this troubling issue and prepare the patient and caregiver for the challenges and opportunities of valve surgery - from diagnosis through recovery. |
| artificial heart valve mri safety: Use of Laboratory Animals in Biomedical and Behavioral Research National Research Council, Institute of Medicine, Institute for Laboratory Animal Research, Commission on Life Sciences, Committee on the Use of Laboratory Animals in Biomedical and Behavioral Research, 1988-02-01 Scientific experiments using animals have contributed significantly to the improvement of human health. Animal experiments were crucial to the conquest of polio, for example, and they will undoubtedly be one of the keystones in AIDS research. However, some persons believe that the cost to the animals is often high. Authored by a committee of experts from various fields, this book discusses the benefits that have resulted from animal research, the scope of animal research today, the concerns of advocates of animal welfare, and the prospects for finding alternatives to animal use. The authors conclude with specific recommendations for more consistent government action. |
| artificial heart valve mri safety: The Washington Manual of Echocardiography Ravi Rasalingam, Majesh Makan, Julio E. Pérez, 2012-06-28 Supervised and edited by faculty from the Washington University School of Medicine, The Washington Manual of Echocardiography provides quick insight into the successful performance and interpretation of echocardiographic images. Ideal for today’s cardiology fellow, this outstanding reference is both sufficiently comprehensive to guide users through training, and accessible enough as a quick consult for general physicians who are interested in echocardiography. Your keys to excellence in cardiac echo... • Tips and pearls from cardiologists and sonographers offer guidance on proper set-up, correct transduction technique, and image optimization • Easy-to-navigate sections address diagnostic markers of valvular heart disease, cardiomyopathies, and congenital anomalies, as well as applications of trans-esophageal echocardiography • Abundant high-quality images enhance visual learning and improve diagnostic accuracy • Succinct yet comprehensive descriptions present critical pieces of information on key areas of echocardiography and Doppler techniques • Free online companion website with hundreds of echo clips in addition to the full text for you to access anytime, anywhere |
| artificial heart valve mri safety: Questions & Answers in Magnetic Resonance Imaging Allen D. Elster, Jonathan H. Burdette, 2001 The popular QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS IN MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING is thoroughly revised and updated to reflect the latest advances in MRI technology. Four new chapters explain recent developments in the field in the traditional question and short answer format. This clear, concise and informative text discusses hundreds of the most common questions about MRI, as well as some challenging questions for seasoned MRI specialists. Covers the technical aspects of MRI, including physical principles, hardware, image production, artifacts, contrast agents, techniques, echo imaging, biological effects and safety, flow phenomena and angiography. Explains and reinforces the basic understanding of magnetic resonance physics. Includes material that is highly practical and immediately applicable to clinical MRI. Thoroughly revised and updated to reflect the latest advances in MRI technology. A 30 percent increase in content provides increased coverage of key topics. Includes four new chapters: MR Spectroscopy, Functional MRI, Diffusion/Perfusion Imaging, Echo-Planar Imaging, and an appendix on Sedation. |
| artificial heart valve mri safety: Anesthesiologist's Manual of Surgical Procedures Richard A. Jaffe, 2014-06-11 This practical reference is a comprehensive guide to the anesthetic and perioperative management of patients before and during all procedures performed by general and subspecialist surgeons requiring anesthetic management. The book explains each procedure from both the surgeon and anesthesiologist perspectives, presents details on anesthetic technique, and guides the anesthesiologist and surgeon through the decisions that must be made before, during, and after surgery. Emphasis is on factors that impact the anesthesiologist, including patient positioning, duration of surgery, and complications. New topics include Irreversible Electroporation (IRE Ablation), ERCP, Management of the difficult airway, and Anticoagulation Guidelines for Neuraxial Procedures. Key Features: Anesthetic Considerations are presented in templated format for both preoperative and intraoperative Concise treatment of all procedures, including subspecialties Each procedure is reviewed from both the surgeon's and anethesiologist's perspective Easy-to-review tables summarize each procedure New to this Edition: New procedures on ERCP, Irreversible Electroporation (IRE Ablation), Difficult Airway Management, and Anticoagulation Guidelines for Neuraxial Procedures Expanded discussion of intraoperative monitoring |
| artificial heart valve mri safety: Cardiovascular MRI Vivian S. Lee, 2006 This text equips radiologists with a firm working knowledge of the physical principles underlying cardiovascular MR image generation. Emphasis is on practical applications of MR physics in customizing and optimizing imaging sequences and protocols and minimizing artifacts. Section I covers basic principles of MR physics and includes a chapter on safety. Section II applies these principles to vascular imaging, including gadolinium-enhanced MR angiography. Section III examines various techniques and applications of cardiac MR imaging. Each chapter includes boxed Key Concepts, Challenging Questions, and Review Questions, and many chapters include sample protocols. More than 400 drawings and scans complement the text. |
| artificial heart valve mri safety: Artificial Intelligence in Medical Imaging Erik R. Ranschaert, Sergey Morozov, Paul R. Algra, 2019-01-29 This book provides a thorough overview of the ongoing evolution in the application of artificial intelligence (AI) within healthcare and radiology, enabling readers to gain a deeper insight into the technological background of AI and the impacts of new and emerging technologies on medical imaging. After an introduction on game changers in radiology, such as deep learning technology, the technological evolution of AI in computing science and medical image computing is described, with explanation of basic principles and the types and subtypes of AI. Subsequent sections address the use of imaging biomarkers, the development and validation of AI applications, and various aspects and issues relating to the growing role of big data in radiology. Diverse real-life clinical applications of AI are then outlined for different body parts, demonstrating their ability to add value to daily radiology practices. The concluding section focuses on the impact of AI on radiology and the implications for radiologists, for example with respect to training. Written by radiologists and IT professionals, the book will be of high value for radiologists, medical/clinical physicists, IT specialists, and imaging informatics professionals. |
| artificial heart valve mri safety: Cardiology Explained Euan A. Ashley, Euan Ashley, Josef Niebauer, 2004 One of the most time-consuming tasks in clinical medicine is seeking the opinions of specialist colleagues. There is a pressure not only to make referrals appropriate but also to summarize the case in the language of the specialist. This book explains basic physiologic and pathophysiologic mechanisms of cardiovascular disease in a straightforward manner, gives guidelines as to when referral is appropriate, and, uniquely, explains what the specialist is likely to do. It is ideal for any hospital doctor, generalist, or even senior medical student who may need a cardiology opinion, or for that ma. |
| artificial heart valve mri safety: Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy Simon S. Lo, Bin S. Teh, Jiade J. Lu, Tracey E. Schefter, 2012-08-28 Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) has emerged as an important innovative treatment for various primary and metastatic cancers. This book provides a comprehensive and up-to-date account of the physical/technological, biological, and clinical aspects of SBRT. It will serve as a detailed resource for this rapidly developing treatment modality. The organ sites covered include lung, liver, spine, pancreas, prostate, adrenal, head and neck, and female reproductive tract. Retrospective studies and prospective clinical trials on SBRT for various organ sites from around the world are examined, and toxicities and normal tissue constraints are discussed. This book features unique insights from world-renowned experts in SBRT from North America, Asia, and Europe. It will be necessary reading for radiation oncologists, radiation oncology residents and fellows, medical physicists, medical physics residents, medical oncologists, surgical oncologists, and cancer scientists. |
| artificial heart valve mri safety: Intracardiac Echocardiography Frank E. Silvestry, Susan E. Wiegers, 2021-09-02 Intracardiac Echocardiography is the first echocardiographic textbook of its kind to specifically cover ICE. Discussing all aspects of intracardiac ultrasound, it allows readers to perfect ICE image acquisition and helps to guide interpretation of this information during interventional and electrophysiologic procedures. Unique and informative, the text explores: introductory echo physics currently available intracardiac ultrasound systems basic image acquisition the role of ICE in both the interventional and electrophysiology laboratory, as well as in the diagnostic setting. Featuring expert commentary by leaders in the field, the book also includes high quality echocardiographic images illustrating how ICE is used in a wide variety of procedures such as transseptal catheterization, PFO and ASD closure, atrial fibrillation ablation procedures, and many others. |
| artificial heart valve mri safety: Medical Imaging Anthony B. Wolbarst, Patrizio Capasso, Andrew R. Wyant, 2013-04-02 An excellent primer on medical imaging for all members of the medical profession . . . including non-radiological specialists. It is technically solid and filled with diagrams and clinical images illustrating important points, but it is also easily readable . . . So many outstanding chapters . . . The book uses little mathematics beyond simple algebra [and] presents complex ideas in very understandable terms. —Melvin E. Clouse, MD, Vice Chairman Emeritus, Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Deaconess Professor of Radiology, Harvard Medical School A well-known medical physicist and author, an interventional radiologist, and an emergency room physician with no special training in radiology have collaborated to write, in the language familiar to physicians, an introduction to the technology and clinical applications of medical imaging. It is intentionally brief and not overly detailed, intended to help clinicians with very little free time rapidly gain enough command of the critically important imaging tools of their trade to be able to discuss them confidently with medical and technical colleagues; to explain the general ideas accurately to students, nurses, and technologists; and to describe them effectively to concerned patients and loved ones. Chapter coverage includes: Introduction: Dr. Doe's Headaches Sketches of the Standard Imaging Modalities Image Quality and Dose Creating Subject Contrast in the Primary X-Ray Image Twentieth-Century (Analog) Radiography and Fluoroscopy Radiation Dose and Radiogenic Cancer Risk Twenty-First-Century (Digital) Imaging Digital Planar Imaging Computed Tomography Nuclear Medicine (Including SPECT and PET) Diagnostic Ultrasound (Including Doppler) MRI in One Dimension and with No Relaxation Mapping T1 and T2 Proton Spin Relaxation in 3D Evolving and Experimental Modalities |
| artificial heart valve mri safety: Clinical Cardiac MRI Jan Bogaert, Steven Dymarkowski, Andrew M. Taylor, 2005-08-31 This extensively illustrated volume has been specifically geared towards optimal use of MRI systems. The text provides essential theoretical background information: Imaging acquisition and potential pitfalls are also examined in detail. Most importantly, structured guidelines are provided on the interpretation of clinical data in the wide range of cardiac pathology that can be encountered. |
| artificial heart valve mri safety: MRI from Picture to Proton Donald W. McRobbie, Elizabeth A. Moore, Martin J. Graves, Martin R. Prince, 2017-04-13 This new edition includes the latest on quantitative MR, safety, multi-band excitation, Dixon imaging and MR elastography. |
| artificial heart valve mri safety: Buck's 2021 ICD-10-PCS Elsevier, 2020-07-25 Choose the book designed by coders for coders! Buck's 2021 ICD-10-PCS includes all the ICD-10-PCS codes you need to know to ensure the most accurate billing and reimbursement for inpatient medical procedure coding. As coders need extensive knowledge to code with ICD-10-PCS — and to choose from the thousands of possible codes — this edition provides colorful anatomy plates (including Netter's Anatomy illustrations) and tables organized to simplify the process of choosing and building procedure codes. It comes with durable spiral binding and includes a companion website with the latest coding updates. - ICD-10-PCS Official Guidelines for Coding and Reporting (OGCR) provide easier reference to coding rules when they are needed most. - Convenient Guide to the 2021 Updates in the front of the book lists all new, revised, and deleted codes, providing at-a-glance lookup of the coding changes. - Unique! Full-color anatomy plates (including Netter's Anatomy art) are included in the front of the book to help you understand complex anatomic information and how it may affect choosing codes. - American Hospital Association's Coding Clinic® citations include official ICD-10-PCS coding advice relating to specific codes and their usage. - Hospital Acquired Condition (HAC) symbol notes procedures related to HACs as outlined in the MS-DRG. - Symbols for Non-Covered and Limited-Coverage Procedures indicate related material outlined in the Definitions of Medicare Code Edits. - Sex edits from the Definition of Medicare Code Edits denote codes that are used only with patients of a specific sex. - Non-Operating Room Procedure symbols identify procedures that do and do not affect MS-DRG assignment. - Combinations symbol identifies procedures that can affect MS-DRG assignment. - Online Appendix: Procedure Combination Table displays each procedure cluster and the corresponding DRG, as well as a few procedure combinations that are designated as non-OR. - NEW! Updated 2021 Official Code set reflects the latest ICD-10 codes needed for procedural coding. |
| artificial heart valve mri safety: Cardiac Valve Prostheses Edward A. Lefrak, Albert Starr, 1979 |
| artificial heart valve mri safety: Bontrager's Textbook of Radiographic Positioning and Related Anatomy - E-Book John Lampignano, Leslie E. Kendrick, 2017-03-07 Master radiographic positioning with this comprehensive, user-friendly text. Focusing on one projection per page, Bontrager’s Textbook of Radiographic Positioning and Related Anatomy, 9th Edition includes all of the positioning and projection information you need to know in a clear, bulleted format. Positioning photos, radiographic images, and radiographic overlays, presented side-by-side with the explanation of each procedure, show you how to visualize anatomy and produce the most accurate images. Updated to reflect the latest ARRT competencies and ASRT curriculum guidelines, it features more than 200 of the most commonly requested projections to prepare you for clinical practice. Labeled radiographs (radiographic overlays) identify key radiographic anatomy and landmarks to help you recognize anatomy and determine if you have captured the correct diagnostic information on your images. Positioning chapters, organized with one projection per page, present a manageable amount of information in an easily accessible format. Unique page layout with positioning photos, radiographic images, and radiographic overlays presented side-by-side with the text explanation of each procedure to facilitate comprehension and retention. Pathologic Indications list and define the pathologies most likely to be encountered during procedures covered in each chapter to help you understand the whole patient and improve your ability to produce radiographs that make diagnosis easy for the physician. Pathology Demonstrated sections explain why a particular projection is needed, or what pathology might be demonstrated, to give you a larger frame of reference and a better understanding of the reasoning behind each projection. Radiographic Criteria on positioning pages provide standards for evaluating the quality of each radiograph, helping you develop a routine for evaluating radiographic quality. Pediatric Applications prepare students for clinical success — and prepare technologists to deal competently with the special needs of their pediatric patients. Geriatric Applications include general information on positioning techniques and patient handling for geriatric patients, fostering an understanding of the challenges these patients present to the technologist. Critique Radiographs demonstrate positioning errors and help you avoid similar errors in clinicals. Instructor resources include an accompanying Evolve website with PowerPoint slides, an image collection, and a test bank to help instructors prepare for class. Student resources include a workbook and handbook to help you better understand and retain complicated material. |
| artificial heart valve mri safety: The Laryngectomee Guide Expanded Edition Itzhak Brook, 2018-01-09 The 254 pages expanded Laryngectomy Guide is an updated and revised edition of the original Laryngectomee Guide. It provides information that can assist laryngectomees and their caregivers with medical, dental and psychological issues. It contains information about side effects of radiation and chemotherapy; methods of speaking; airway, stoma, and voice prosthesis care; eating and swallowing; medical, dental and psychological concerns; respiration; anesthesia; and travelling. |
| artificial heart valve mri safety: Living with Hereditary Cancer Risk Kathy Steligo, Sue Friedman, Allison W. Kurian, 2022-09-27 This book provides a comprehensive overview of hereditary cancer for a general audience, with coverage of the genetic tests available for detecting risk for heritable cancers as well as options for medical and surgical treatment-- |
| artificial heart valve mri safety: CMR Update , 2008 |
| artificial heart valve mri safety: Pediatric Neuro-oncology Katrin Scheinemann, |
| artificial heart valve mri safety: The Finite-Difference Time-Domain Method for Electromagnetics with MATLAB® Simulations Atef Z. Elsherbeni, Veysel Demir, 2015-11-25 This is one of the best books on computational electromagnetics both for graduate students focusing on electromagnetics problems and for practicing engineering professionals in industry and government. It is designed as an advanced textbook and self-study guide to the FDTD method of solving EM problems and simulations. This latest edition has been expanded to include 5 entirely new chapters on advanced topics in the mainstream of FDTD practice. In addition to advanced techniques it also includes applications and examples, and some 'tricks and traps' of using MATLAB to achieve them. Compared to the previous version the second edition is more complete and is a good reference for someone who is performing FDTD research. This book is part of the ACES Series on Computational Electromagnetics and Engineering. Supplementary material can be found at the IET's ebook page Supplementary materials for professors are available upon request via email to books@theiet.org. |
| artificial heart valve mri safety: 2016 ICD-10-PCS Carol J. Buck, 2015-08-14 Select and build procedure codes accurately with Carol J. Buck's 2016 ICD-10-PCS: Standard Edition. Designed by coders for coders, this practical manual includes all the ICD-10-PCS codes needed for today's inpatient procedure coding. As coders need more extensive knowledge to work with ICD-10-PCS - and to choose from the thousands of possible codes - this edition provides an essential background in A&P, pathology, and medical terminology, along with colorful Netter's Anatomy illustrations and tables organized to help you choose and build procedure codes. Together, these features make procedure coding faster and easier. Also included is a companion website with the latest coding news and updates! UNIQUE! Full-color Netter's Anatomy art is provided in the front of the book to help you understand complex anatomic information and how it may affect choosing codes. Official Guidelines for Coding and Reporting (OGCRs) are listed in full for fast, easy access to coding rules. Convenient Guide to the Updates lists all new, revised, and deleted codes, providing at-a-glance lookup of the annual changes. Two-color design provides an economical version of this ICD-10-PCS coding manual. Codingupdates.com companion website includes the latest changes to the ICD coding system. NEW! 2016 ICD-10-PCS: Standard Edition replaces Carol Buck's ICD-9-CM, Volume 3; this manual includes 16 sections filled with tables to help you determine selection of inpatient procedure codes. UPDATED 2016 Official Code set reflects the latest ICD-10-PCS codes needed for procedure coding. |
| artificial heart valve mri safety: Imaging of Foreign Bodies Antonio Pinto, Luigia Romano, 2013-10-30 Most ingested foreign bodies pass through the gastrointestinal tract without a problem. However, both ingested and inserted foreign bodies may cause bowel obstruction or perforation or lead to severe hemorrhage, abscess formation, or septicemia. Foreign body aspiration is common in children, especially those under 3 years of age, and in these cases chest radiography and CT are the main imaging modalities. This textbook provides a thorough overview of the critical role of diagnostic imaging in the assessment of patients with suspected foreign body ingestion, aspiration, or insertion. A wide range of scenarios are covered, from the common problem of foreign body ingestion or aspiration in children and mentally handicapped adults through to drug smuggling by body packing and gunshot wounds. Guidance is offered on diagnostic protocols, and the value of different imaging modalities in different situations is explained. Helpful management tips are also provided. This textbook will prove invaluable for residents in radiology, radiologists, and physicians who are involved on a daily basis, within an emergency department, in the management of patients with suspected ingestion, aspiration, or insertion of foreign bodies. |
