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Compleat Sculpture: A Comprehensive Guide to the Art Form
Introduction:
Have you ever been captivated by the sheer power and beauty of a sculpted form? Whether it's the delicate curve of a classical bust or the raw energy of a modern abstract piece, sculpture holds a unique place in the art world. This comprehensive guide, "Compleat Sculpture," delves into the multifaceted world of this ancient and ever-evolving art form. We'll explore its history, techniques, materials, influential artists, and the enduring impact it has on our culture. From understanding the fundamental principles of sculpting to appreciating the diverse styles and interpretations, this post offers a rich and rewarding journey into the heart of compleat sculpture. Prepare to be inspired!
1. A Journey Through the History of Sculpture:
Sculpture's history is as long and varied as human civilization itself. We'll trace its evolution, starting from the earliest prehistoric examples – the Venus figurines, for instance – and moving through significant periods like Ancient Greece (with its emphasis on idealized human forms), the Roman Empire (known for its portraiture and monumental works), the Medieval period (with its religious iconography), the Renaissance (witnessing a rebirth of classical ideals), and beyond. We'll examine how styles, materials, and artistic intentions shifted across centuries, showcasing key movements like Baroque, Rococo, Neoclassicism, and modern and contemporary sculpture. Understanding the historical context is crucial to appreciating the complexities and nuances of each piece.
2. Exploring the Diverse Materials of Sculpture:
The material chosen profoundly impacts the final aesthetic and longevity of a sculpture. This section will explore the myriad options available to sculptors, examining both traditional and modern materials. We’ll discuss:
Stone: From marble's lustrous smoothness to granite's rugged texture, we'll delve into the characteristics that make stone a popular choice, as well as the challenges involved in working with it. Techniques like carving, chiseling, and polishing will be explored.
Wood: The versatility of wood, its warm tones, and the unique possibilities it offers for carving will be examined. We'll look at different wood types and their suitability for sculpting.
Metal: Bronze, steel, aluminum – the possibilities are endless. We'll explore casting techniques, welding, and forging, examining the inherent properties of each metal and how they influence the sculptor's creative choices.
Clay: The malleability of clay makes it a beloved medium for both beginners and established artists. We'll discuss different clay types, modeling techniques, firing processes, and the creation of both ceramic and earthenware sculptures.
Modern Materials: From plastics and resins to found objects and recycled materials, contemporary sculptors are constantly pushing the boundaries of what constitutes sculpture. We'll explore these innovative approaches and their impact on the art form.
3. Mastering the Techniques of Sculpture:
Sculpting is a skill honed through practice and a deep understanding of the chosen material. We'll explore various techniques:
Subtractive Sculpting: This involves removing material from a larger block, such as carving stone or wood. We'll examine the tools, precision, and planning required for successful subtractive sculpting.
Additive Sculpting: This method involves adding material layer by layer, as seen in clay modeling, welding metal, or constructing sculptures from found objects. We’ll discuss different additive techniques and their artistic applications.
Casting: Casting involves creating a mold and then pouring molten material into it to create a sculpture. We'll explore different casting methods, like lost-wax casting, and discuss their advantages and disadvantages.
Assemblage: This technique involves combining different materials and objects to create a three-dimensional artwork. We'll explore the creative potential of assemblage and its impact on contemporary sculpture.
4. Influential Sculptors and their Masterpieces:
Understanding the artistic vision and techniques of influential sculptors throughout history is essential to fully appreciate the art form. We'll profile renowned artists like Michelangelo, Donatello, Rodin, Constantin Brancusi, Henry Moore, and many contemporary sculptors, analyzing their unique styles, approaches, and contributions to the evolution of sculpture.
5. The Enduring Impact of Sculpture:
Sculpture has served numerous purposes throughout history, from religious iconography and political propaganda to personal expression and aesthetic contemplation. This section will explore the diverse roles sculpture has played and continues to play in shaping our culture, examining its impact on architecture, public spaces, and our understanding of the human form and the world around us. We'll also discuss the ever-evolving relationship between sculpture and other art forms, such as installation art and performance art.
6. Compleat Sculpture: A Practical Guide – Outline
Introduction: Defining Compleat Sculpture and its scope.
Chapter 1: History of Sculpture (Ancient to Modern).
Chapter 2: Materials and their Properties (Stone, Wood, Metal, Clay, etc.).
Chapter 3: Sculpting Techniques (Subtractive, Additive, Casting, Assemblage).
Chapter 4: Famous Sculptors and their Impact.
Chapter 5: Sculpture in Modern and Contemporary Art.
Chapter 6: The Future of Sculpture.
Conclusion: Reflecting on the enduring power and beauty of sculpture.
7. Detailed Explanation of the Outline Points:
(Each point in the outline above would be expanded upon in a full-length book or ebook. This section offers brief explanations to illustrate how each chapter would contribute to the “Compleat Sculpture” guide.)
For instance, Chapter 1 would detail the evolution of sculpture across different civilizations and eras, providing in-depth analysis of artistic styles, materials used, and cultural contexts. Chapter 2 would delve deep into the material science of sculpting, examining the physical and chemical properties of various materials, their advantages and disadvantages, and the techniques employed to work with them. Chapter 3 would focus on the practical aspects of sculpting, providing step-by-step instructions and detailed explanations of different techniques, offering both beginner-friendly and advanced approaches. And so on for each chapter, forming a holistic guide to understanding and appreciating compleat sculpture.
FAQs:
1. What are the most common sculpting tools? Chisels, mallets, rasps, modeling tools, and various hand tools depending on the material used.
2. How long does it take to learn sculpting? It depends on your skill level and dedication, but it's a continuous learning process.
3. What's the difference between high-relief and low-relief sculpture? High-relief projects significantly from the background, while low-relief has minimal projection.
4. Is sculpting an expensive hobby? Costs vary based on materials and tools; some materials are more expensive than others.
5. Where can I find sculpting classes? Community colleges, art schools, and private studios often offer courses.
6. What are some popular contemporary sculpture styles? Minimalism, conceptual art, installation art, and mixed-media sculpture.
7. How do I preserve a sculpture? Proper storage and protection from elements (like UV rays and moisture) are crucial.
8. How do I choose the right material for my sculpture? Consider the desired aesthetic, your skill level, and the sculpture's intended purpose.
9. What are some famous examples of public sculptures? The Statue of Liberty, Rodin's "The Thinker," and many others.
Related Articles:
1. The Art of Bronze Casting: A deep dive into the ancient and still relevant technique of bronze casting.
2. Stone Carving Techniques for Beginners: A practical guide for aspiring stone sculptors.
3. Modern Sculpture Materials and their Applications: Exploring innovative materials used in contemporary sculpture.
4. The History of Clay Sculpture: Tracing the evolution of clay sculpting across cultures and eras.
5. Famous Sculptors of the Renaissance: A detailed look at the masters of Renaissance sculpture.
6. Understanding Sculptural Composition and Form: Analyzing the elements of design in sculpture.
7. Creating Realistic Human Figures in Sculpture: A guide to mastering anatomical accuracy in figure sculpture.
8. The Impact of Minimalism on Contemporary Sculpture: Examining the influence of minimalist principles on modern sculptural forms.
9. Public Art and its Role in Urban Spaces: Exploring the significance of public sculpture in urban environments.
This comprehensive guide provides a solid foundation for understanding and appreciating the art of "Compleat Sculpture." Remember, the journey into this world is ongoing, filled with discovery and artistic inspiration. Happy sculpting!
| compleat sculpture: The Compleat Art of Painting Charles-Alphonse Dufresnoy, 1720 |
| compleat sculpture: The Compleat Art of Writing Letters, Adapted to All Classes and Conditions of Life. Designed Not Only to Finish the Education of Youth in General; But for Every Person that Wishes to Write Letters Well ... To which is Prefixed, a Short But Useful Grammar of the English Language ... The Third Edition. With the Addition of Some Elegant Poetical Epistles, and a Postscipt, with Forms of Polite Messages for Cards. By Mr. Johnson.[i.e.Samuel Johnson, Author Of"A Comp;eat Introdution Etc.". Samuel Johnson, 1764 |
| compleat sculpture: The Compleat Art of Land-measuring; Or, A Guide to Practical Surveying ... The Second Edition, Etc B. TALBOT, 1784 |
| compleat sculpture: Henry Moore, Complete Sculpture Alan Bowness, 1988 |
| compleat sculpture: The Sculpture of Gertrude Hermes Jane Hill, Gertrude Hermes, 2011 A graduate of Leon Underwood's Brook Green School of Art in London, Gertrude Hermes (1901-83) trained as a painter and sculptor. Hermes and her husband, Blair Hughes-Stanton, who she met at Brook Green, went on to become leading lights in the early twentieth-century's wood-engraving revival. Although their marriage was short-lived, their exuberant visual inventions for Bunyan;s 'The Pilgrim's Progress' and T.E. Lawrence's 'Seven Pillars of Wisdom' Brought them critical acclaim. Much has been written about Hermes' career as a wood engraver. In contrast, her contribution as a sculptor has been somewhat eclipsed--until now. 'The Sculpture of Gertrude Hermes' presents for the first time a full analysis of the artist's entire sculptural oeuvre. Along with a comprehensive catalogue of Hermes' sculpture, Jane Hill provides a full account of the artist's life in the context of her career as a sculptor. What results is a picture of a pioneering spirit who created busts and heads, functional designs, decorative work and reliefs that are dynamic and unpredictable. Featuring over 140 images, 'The Sculpture of Gertrude Hermes' is a groundbreaking study of an artist so long associated with one art form. This book redresses the imbalance and creates a new and fresh perspective on an important female artist of the twentieth century.--Publisher's website. |
| compleat sculpture: The New London Letter Writer, Containing the Compleat Art of Corresponding ... Seventh Edition Samuel Johnson, 1800 |
| compleat sculpture: The Complete Art of Poetry ... Charles Gildon, 1718 |
| compleat sculpture: The New London Letter Writer, Containing the Compleat Art of Corresponding with Ease Samuel Johnson (M.A.), 1948 |
| compleat sculpture: The Complete Guide to Sculpture, Modelling and Ceramics Barry Midgley, 1998 Comprehensive coverage of history, materials, tools and techniques. |
| compleat sculpture: The Fran and Ray Stark Collection of 20th-century Sculpture at the J. Paul Getty Museum Christopher Bedford, Penelope Curtis, John Dixon Hunt, 2008 This catalogue celebrates the recently installed collection of twentieth-century sculpture donated to the J. Paul Getty Trust by the Fran and Ray Stark Trust in 2005. The book takes the reader on a visual tour of the J. Paul Getty Museum's new sculpture gardens and installations, which features twenty-eight works by artists such as Alexander Calder, Alberto Giacometti, Ferdinand Léger, Roy Lichtenstein, René Magritte, Aristide Maillol, Joan Miró, Henry Moore, and Isamu Noguchi. The book offers essays on the curatorial decisions involved in establishing harmonious groupings; a history of European and American sculpture within built outdoor environments and gardens; and catalogue entries that discuss individual pieces within their broader art-historical contexts. |
| compleat sculpture: A Memoir of Creativity Piri Halasz, 2009-03-30 A Memoir of Creativity chronicles one womans life journey as she derives a theory, revealing meaning in abstract painting, from varied personal and professional experiences, and tells how she locates this theory within a broader social context. In 1966, Piri Halasz became the first woman within living memory to write a cover story for Time (and not just any cover story, either: the notorious one on Swinging London). With wit and wisdom, she provides a glimpse into her red-diaper childhood, as well as reporting on her climb at Time from research to the writing staff. Vividly, she describes her controversial career as a female journalist during the sixties, offering an inside view of newsweekly rivalries during that tempestuous decade. Halasz then moves on to her initiation into the art world, her lively interaction with some of its most distinguished denizens and her immersion in graduate school. She concludes with what she has learned about art, art history, and history itself since the early eighties, applying that knowledge to better understand the twenty-first century. Through sharing her life story, Halasz encourages others to remain open to new experiences, to try different ways of seeing, and to use creativity to tackle hurdles. |
| compleat sculpture: Italy, in Its Original Glory, Ruine and Revival Franciscus Schottus, 1660 |
| compleat sculpture: The Complete Sculpture of Barbara Hepworth, 1960-69 Barbara Hepworth, 1971 |
| compleat sculpture: Italy, in its Original Glory, Ruine and Revival, being an exact survey of the whole geography, and history of that famous country; with the adjacent islands of Sicily, Malta,&c. And what ever is remarkable in Rome ... Translated out of the originals ... by Edmund Warcupp, Esquire. [Translated from “Itinerario, ouero Noua descrittione de'viaggi principali d'Italia”, an Italian version of the work of Franciscus Schottus entitled “Itinerarii Italiæ rerumque Romanarum libri tres”.] [With plates.] Italy, 1660 |
| compleat sculpture: Taste. A comedy, of two acts, etc Samuel FOOTE, 1762 |
| compleat sculpture: Songs and Other Poems Alexander Brome, 1668 |
| compleat sculpture: Songs and Other Poems. With an engraved portrait Alexander BROME, 1668 |
| compleat sculpture: Taste , 1765 |
| compleat sculpture: The Dramatic Works Samuel Foote, 1765 |
| compleat sculpture: Degas, Works in Sculpture John Rewald, 1990 catalogue raisonné. |
| compleat sculpture: The Pleasant Art of Money Catching ... Pleasant art, 1782 |
| compleat sculpture: The Pleasant Art of Money-catching , 1782 |
| compleat sculpture: Atlantic Families Sarah Pearsall, 2008-11-27 The Atlantic represented a world of opportunity in the eighteenth century, but it represented division also, separating families across its coasts. Whether due to economic shifts, changing political landscapes, imperial ambitions, or even simply personal tragedy, many families found themselves fractured and disoriented by the growth and later fissure of a larger Atlantic world. Such dislocation posed considerable challenges to all individuals who viewed orderly family relations as both a general and a personal ideal. The more fortunate individuals who thus found themselves 'all at sea' were able to use family letters, with attendant emphases on familiarity, sensibility, and credit, in order to remain connected in times and places of considerable disconnection. Portraying the family as a unified, affectionate, and happy entity in such letters provided a means of surmounting concerns about societies fractured by physical distance, global wars, and increasing social stratification. It could also provide social and economic leverage to individual men and women in certain circumstances. Sarah Pearsall explores the lives and letters of these families, revealing the sometimes shocking stories of those divided by sea. Ranging across the Anglophone Atlantic, including mainland American colonies and states, Britain, and the British Caribbean, Pearsall argues that it was this expanding Atlantic world, much more than the American Revolution, that reshaped contemporary ideals about families, as much as families themselves reshaped the transatlantic world. |
| compleat sculpture: Italian and Spanish Sculpture Peggy Fogelman, Peter Fusco, Marietta Cambareri, 2002-12-26 The catalogue is abundantly illustrated, including multiple views of each sculpture.--BOOK JACKET. |
| compleat sculpture: The Complete Poems of Michelangelo Michelangelo Buonarroti, 2023-02-27 Though known primarily as a sculptor and painter, Michelangelo was also a poet. In his lifetime, Michelangelo wrote over 300 poems, many of which were works of devotion and love poems of a spiritual and mystical nature. In 1961, Joseph Tusiani offered the first English translations of the complete corpus of Michelangelo’s poems. These translations illuminated the subtleties of both the source and target language, giving Michelangelo’s verse a freshness, a depth, and an inventiveness that time has not been able to obscure. The Complete Poems of Michelangelo reproduces Tusiani’s masterful translation. In addition to Tusiani’s introduction and translations, this new edition contains Michelangelo’s original Italian poetry, a chronology of his life and works, a biographical profile of Tusiani, and an interview with Tusiani exploring his musings on classic literature and the subtle art of translation. The Complete Poems of Michelangelo sheds light on Tusiani’s many exceptional accomplishments during his long and prolific life as a scholar, poet, translator, and artist. |
| compleat sculpture: Michelangelo. the Complete Works. Paintings, Sculptures, Architecture Frank Zöllner, Christof Thoenes, 2022-03 Michelangelo was a genius of unrivaled virtuosity. This XL edition traces the extraordinary depth and breadth of his work and his ascent to the elite of the Renaissance and art history with ten richly illustrated chapters covering the artist's paintings, sculptures, and architecture with special focus on the tour de force frescoes of the... |
| compleat sculpture: Michelangelo: Paintings, Sculptures, Architecture Michelangelo Buonarroti, Ludwig Goldscheider, 1953 Reproduces and annotates every work of Michelangelo except his drawings, |
| compleat sculpture: Delphi Complete Works of Jeffery Farnol (Illustrated) Jeffery Farnol, 2024-03-16 The interwar British author Jeffery Farnol is known for writing romance novels, adventure yarns and detective thrillers. Along with Georgette Heyer, he largely established the Regency romantic genre of literature. For over 40 years, his swashbuckling historical romances were ranked among the best-selling fiction of the world, winning the admiration of millions of readers. For the first time in publishing history, this eBook presents Farnol’s complete works, with numerous illustrations, many rare texts, informative introductions and the usual Delphi bonus material. (Version 1) * Beautifully illustrated with images relating to Farnol’s life and works * Concise introductions to the major works * All 39 novels, with individual contents tables * Many rare novels appearing for the first time in digital publishing * The complete Jasper Shrig mystery novels, digitised here for the first time! * Images of how the books were first published, giving your eReader a taste of the original texts * Excellent formatting of the texts * The complete short story collections, available in no other collection * Special chronological and alphabetical contents tables for the short stories * Easily locate the tales you want to read * Includes Farnol’s rare non-fiction – available in no other collection * Ordering of texts into chronological order and genres CONTENTS: The Jasper Shrig Books The Amateur Gentleman (1913) Peregrine’s Progress (1922) The Loring Mystery (1925) The High Adventure (1925) The Quest of Youth (1927) The Way Beyond (1933) The Crooked Furrow (1937) The Happy Harvest (1939) Murder by Nail (1942) Heritage Perilous (1946) My Lord of Wrybourne (1948) The Ninth Earl (1950) Waif of the River (1952) Treasure and Vengeance Series Black Bartlemy’s Treasure (1920) Martin Conisby’s Vengeance (1921) Other Novels My Lady Caprice (1907) The Broad Highway (1910) The Money Moon (1911) The Honourable Mr. Tawnish (1913) Beltane the Smith (1915) The Definite Object (1917) Our Admirable Betty (1918) The Geste of Duke Jocelyn (1919) Sir John Dering (1923) Guyfford of Weare (1928) Another Day (1929) Over the Hills (1930) The Jade of Destiny (1931) Charmian, Lady Vibart (1932) Winds of Fortune (1934) John o’ the Green (1935) A Pageant of Victory (1936) The Lonely Road (1938) Adam Penfeather, Buccaneer (1940) The King Liveth (1942) The Piping Times (1945) The Fool Beloved (1949) The Glad Summer (1951) Justice by Midnight (1955) The Short Story Collections The Shadow and Other Stories (1929) Voices from the Dust (1932) Portrait of a Gentleman in Colours (1935) A Matter of Business (1940) Uncollected Stories The Short Stories List of Short Stories in Chronological Order List of Short Stories in Alphabetical Order The Non-Fiction Some War Impressions (1918) Famous Prize Fights (1928) |
| compleat sculpture: International Bibliography of Art Librarianship Paula A. Baxter, 2013-03-01 The International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (IFLA) is the leading international body representing the interests of library and information services and their users. It is the global voice of the information profession. The series IFLA Publications deals with many of the means through which libraries, information centres, and information professionals worldwide can formulate their goals, exert their influence as a group, protect their interests, and find solutions to global problems. |
| compleat sculpture: Ordering of the Arts in Eighteenth-Century England Lawrence I. Lipking, 2015-03-08 By the end of the eighteenth century, the arts had been surveyed by an unprecedented series of major works on literature, music, and painting of which the author or this book provides a rich and comprehensive analysis. Originally published in 1970. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905. |
| compleat sculpture: Michelangelo Carmen C. Bambach, Claire Barry, Francesco Caglioti, Caroline Elam, Marcella Marongiu, Mauro Mussolin, 2017-11-05 Consummate painter, draftsman, sculptor, and architect, Michelangelo Buonarroti (1475–1564) was celebrated for his disegno, a term that embraces both drawing and conceptual design, which was considered in the Renaissance to be the foundation of all artistic disciplines. To his contemporary Giorgio Vasari, Michelangelo was “the divine draftsman and designer” whose work embodied the unity of the arts. Beautifully illustrated with more than 350 drawings, paintings, sculptures, and architectural views, this book establishes the centrality of disegno to Michelangelo’s work. Carmen C. Bambach presents a comprehensive and engaging narrative of the artist’s long career in Florence and Rome, beginning with his training under the painter Domenico Ghirlandaio and the sculptor Bertoldo and ending with his seventeen-year appointment as chief architect of Saint Peter’s Basilica at the Vatican. The chapters relate Michelangelo’s compositional drawings, sketches, life studies, and full-scale cartoons to his major commissions—such as the ceiling frescoes and the Last Judgment in the Sistine Chapel, the church of San Lorenzo and its New Sacristy (Medici Chapel) in Florence, and Saint Peter’s—offering fresh insights into his creative process. Also explored are Michelangelo’s influential role as a master and teacher of disegno, his literary and spiritual interests, and the virtuoso drawings he made as gifts for intimate friends, such as the nobleman Tommaso de’ Cavalieri and Vittoria Colonna, the marchesa of Pescara. Complementing Bambach’s text are thematic essays by leading authorities on the art of Michelangelo. Meticulously researched, compellingly argued, and richly illustrated, this book is a major contribution to our understanding of this timeless artist. |
| compleat sculpture: The New Universal Letter Writer Thomas Chapman (schoolmaster.), 1790 |
| compleat sculpture: The Satires, Epistles, and Art of Poetry of Horace Translated Into English Prose, as Near the Original as the Different Idioms ... Will Allow. With the Latin Text and Order of Construction in the Opposite Page ... The Third Edition Horace, 1748 |
| compleat sculpture: The Satires, Epistles and Art of Poetry of Horace. Translated Into English Prose, as Near the Original as the Different Idioms ... Will Allow. With the Latin Text, ... and Notes in English from the Best Commentators ... Especially M. Dacier and P. Sanadon ... To which is Subjoined the Latin Text Put Into Order of Construction, Etc Horace, 1743 |
| compleat sculpture: The Sculpture of David Nash Julian Andrews, David Nash, 1999-01-01 A fully illustrated overview of the work of David Nash, a contemporary British sculptor famous for his work with natural materials. |
| compleat sculpture: Sculpture , 1997 |
| compleat sculpture: Silver Universe Laura Dryjanska, Roberto Giua, 2018-09-15 Silver Universe explores the topic of aging through an interdisciplinary lens while promoting their new idea of “active living” which incorporates exercise alongside a healthy diet and the implementation of disease prevention. The diverse group of contributors shed light on the connections between the psychological, emotional, and physical aspects of aging. From psychology (both clinical and social), through neurology, neurogenetics, gerontology, nutrition, economics, communication, law, tourism and theology, this book offers complimentary views on active living to ensure a high quality of life. |
| compleat sculpture: A Literary History of England Tucker Brooke, Matthias A. Shaaber, 1989 First published in 1959. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company. |
| compleat sculpture: The Literary History of England Donald F. Bond, G. Sherburn, 2003-09-02 English historians in the Middle Ages is an overview of the history of English historians and their works in the Middle Ages. English historians helped lay the groundwork for modern historical methodology, provided vital accounts of the early history of England, its culture, and revelations about the historians themselves.The most remarkable period of historical writting was during the High Middle Ages in the 12th and 13th centuries, when English chronicles produced works with a variety of interest, wealth of information and amplitude of range. However one might choose to view the reliability. |
| compleat sculpture: An Art Lover's Guide to Florence Judith Testa, 2012-09-15 No city but Florence contains such an intense concentration of art produced in such a short span of time. The sheer number and proximity of works of painting, sculpture, and architecture in Florence can be so overwhelming that Florentine hospitals treat hundreds of visitors each year for symptoms brought on by trying to see them all, an illness famously identified with the French author Stendhal. While most guidebooks offer only brief descriptions of a large number of works, with little discussion of the historical background, Judith Testa gives a fresh perspective on the rich and brilliant art of the Florentine Renaissance in An Art Lover's Guide to Florence. Concentrating on a number of the greatest works, by such masters as Botticelli and Michelangelo, Testa explains each piece in terms of what it meant to the people who produced it and for whom they made it, deftly treating the complex interplay of politics, sex, and religion that were involved in the creation of those works. With Testa as a guide, armchair travelers and tourists alike will delight in the fascinating world of Florentine art and history. |
