Advertisement
Gymnosperms: Unveiling Their Significant Economic Importance
Introduction:
Forget the fleeting beauty of flowering plants; let's delve into the often-overlooked world of gymnosperms – the cone-bearing plants that quietly underpin numerous aspects of our economy. From the lumber that builds our homes to the resins that protect our health, gymnosperms contribute significantly to global commerce and human well-being. This comprehensive guide will explore the multifaceted economic importance of gymnosperms, examining their roles in various industries and highlighting their sustained contribution to our society. Prepare to be surprised by the vast and often unseen impact of these remarkable plants.
1. Timber and Forestry: The Cornerstone of Gymnosperm Economics
Gymnosperms are the undisputed champions of the timber industry. Species like pines, spruces, firs, and cedars provide the raw material for a staggering array of products. Their wood, often characterized by strength, durability, and workability, is essential for:
Construction: From residential homes and commercial buildings to bridges and infrastructure projects, gymnosperm timber forms the backbone of countless structures. Their long, straight trunks are ideal for framing, while their resistance to rot makes them suitable for outdoor applications.
Pulp and Paper: The pulp derived from gymnosperm wood is a crucial component in the paper manufacturing process. Newspapers, books, packaging materials – all rely heavily on this sustainable resource. Technological advancements continue to improve efficiency and minimize environmental impact in pulp production.
Furniture and Wood Products: The aesthetic appeal and versatility of gymnosperm wood make it highly sought-after in the furniture industry. From fine cabinetry to everyday furniture, gymnosperms provide the raw material for a vast array of products, contributing significantly to the global furniture market.
Plywood and Engineered Wood Products: Gymnosperms are also vital in the production of plywood, particleboard, and other engineered wood products. These composite materials offer cost-effective and sustainable alternatives to solid wood, finding extensive use in construction and manufacturing.
2. Resin and Turpentine: Industrial and Medicinal Applications
Beyond timber, gymnosperms produce valuable resins and turpentine, utilized across diverse industries:
Rosin and Turpentine: These are extracted from pine trees and find extensive use in various applications, including paper sizing, varnishes, paints, and adhesives. Turpentine also serves as a solvent and has traditional medicinal uses.
Pharmaceuticals: Certain gymnosperm extracts possess medicinal properties. Research continues to explore their potential in treating various ailments, paving the way for novel pharmaceuticals.
Fragrances and Incense: The aromatic oils extracted from some gymnosperm species are used in perfumes, cosmetics, and incense, adding value to the global fragrance industry.
3. Food and Nutrition: Underestimated Contributions
While not as prominent as their timber or resin contributions, some gymnosperms offer nutritional value:
Pine Nuts: Edible pine nuts are a popular delicacy enjoyed worldwide, providing a source of healthy fats and proteins. The demand for pine nuts contributes significantly to the economic viability of certain pine species.
Other Edible Parts: Certain gymnosperms offer edible seeds, inner bark, or sap, although these are often regionally specific and less commercially significant compared to pine nuts.
4. Environmental Services: The Unsung Economic Benefits
The ecological role of gymnosperms extends far beyond direct economic outputs:
Carbon Sequestration: Gymnosperms, particularly forests dominated by these species, play a vital role in absorbing atmospheric carbon dioxide, mitigating climate change. This carbon sequestration provides a significant, albeit intangible, economic benefit.
Soil Conservation: The extensive root systems of gymnosperms help prevent soil erosion, protecting valuable agricultural land and reducing the economic costs associated with land degradation.
Biodiversity Support: Gymnosperm forests provide habitats for a wide array of plants and animals, contributing to biodiversity conservation, which has indirect economic benefits through ecotourism and ecosystem services.
5. Ornamental and Horticultural Value: A Growing Market
Certain gymnosperm species are highly prized for their ornamental value:
Landscaping and Gardening: Many conifers are widely used in landscaping and gardening, enhancing the aesthetic appeal of residential and commercial properties.
Christmas Trees: The demand for Christmas trees during the holiday season generates significant revenue for growers and sellers, creating seasonal employment opportunities.
Article Outline: Gymnosperms: Economic Importance
Introduction: Defining gymnosperms and their economic significance.
Chapter 1: The Timber Industry: Detailed exploration of construction, pulp & paper, furniture, and engineered wood products.
Chapter 2: Resin and Turpentine: Diverse industrial and medicinal applications.
Chapter 3: Food and Nutrition: Edible parts and their contribution to food security.
Chapter 4: Environmental Services: Carbon sequestration, soil conservation, and biodiversity support.
Chapter 5: Ornamental and Horticultural Value: Landscaping, gardening, and Christmas trees.
Conclusion: Summarizing the multifaceted economic importance of gymnosperms and emphasizing their sustained contribution.
(The detailed content for each chapter is provided above in the main article.)
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
1. What are the most economically important gymnosperm species? Pines, spruces, firs, and cedars are among the most economically significant due to their widespread use in the timber industry.
2. Are gymnosperms a sustainable resource? Sustainable forestry practices are crucial for ensuring the long-term viability of gymnosperm resources. Responsible harvesting and reforestation efforts are essential.
3. How do gymnosperms contribute to climate change mitigation? Through carbon sequestration, gymnosperm forests absorb significant amounts of atmospheric CO2, helping to mitigate the effects of climate change.
4. What are the potential medicinal applications of gymnosperms? Research is ongoing, but some gymnosperm extracts show promise in treating various ailments, potentially leading to the development of new pharmaceuticals.
5. What are the main threats to gymnosperm populations? Habitat loss, deforestation, and climate change pose significant threats to gymnosperm populations worldwide.
6. How can consumers support sustainable gymnosperm harvesting? Choosing wood products certified by organizations promoting sustainable forestry practices is crucial.
7. What is the future outlook for the gymnosperm industry? The demand for gymnosperm products is expected to remain strong, but sustainable practices are essential for ensuring long-term viability.
8. Are there any negative environmental impacts associated with gymnosperm harvesting? Unsustainable harvesting practices can lead to deforestation, habitat loss, and soil erosion.
9. How can I learn more about gymnosperms and their economic importance? Numerous scientific publications, books, and websites provide detailed information about gymnosperms and their economic role.
Related Articles:
1. The Sustainable Harvesting of Gymnosperms: Discusses best practices for sustainable forestry and the certification processes that guarantee responsible harvesting.
2. The Role of Gymnosperms in Carbon Sequestration: Focuses on the contribution of gymnosperm forests to climate change mitigation.
3. Medicinal Properties of Gymnosperms: Explores the potential of gymnosperms in pharmaceutical applications.
4. The Economic Impact of Pine Nut Production: Examines the economic significance of pine nut harvesting and trade.
5. Gymnosperms in Landscaping and Horticulture: Covers the use of gymnosperms in landscaping and gardening.
6. The Future of Gymnosperm-Based Industries: Analyzes future trends and challenges within the industry.
7. The Conservation of Endangered Gymnosperm Species: Highlights the challenges and strategies for protecting endangered gymnosperm species.
8. Gymnosperms and Biodiversity: Explores the vital role gymnosperms play in maintaining biodiversity.
9. The History of Gymnosperm Utilization by Humans: Traces the historical use of gymnosperms and their evolution within human societies.
| gymnosperms economic importance: The Gymnosperms Chhaya Biswas, B.M. Johri, 2013-11-09 The Gymnosperms is a well-illustrated comprehensive account of living and fossil plants of this group. Chapters 1 and 2 give a general account, and describe similarities and dissimilarities with pteridophytes and angiosperms. Chapter 3 deals with classification. The next 18 chapters (4-21) deal sequentially with fossil and living taxa. Phylogenetic relationships are considered for each order. Chapter 22 discusses the in vitro experimental studies on the growth, development and differentiation of vegetative and reproductive organs and tissues. Chapter 23 summarizes the economic importance of gymnosperms. Chapter 24 gives the conciuding remarks. Thus, there is a complete coverage of significant findings concerning morphology, anatomy, reproduction, development of embryo and seed, cytology, and -evolutionary trends and phylogeny. Ultrastructural and histochemical details are given wherever considered necessary. There is a comprehensive list of literature citations, and a plant index. This book is essentially meant for the postgraduate students in India and abroad. Undergraduate students can also use it profitably. The entire course should be taught in 25-30 lectures/hours and about 75 hours of field and laboratory work. |
| gymnosperms economic importance: ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF DIFFERENT CLASSES OF PLANTS Dr. KAVITA CHAHAL, |
| gymnosperms economic importance: Gymnosperms in Sikkim R C Srivastava, 2020-09-15 This is first book on 'Gymnosperms of Sikkim' based on author's extensive botanical exploration and survey work in this tiny and beautiful State of Indian Union. It provides an account of species diversity, taxonomic account, distribution, economic importance, conservation strategies, bibliography and indices to botanical/ vernacular/common names of gymnosperm taxa found in Sikkim. |
| gymnosperms economic importance: Experimental Embryology of Vascular Plants B. M. Johri, 2012-12-06 A long time ago botany used to be regarded as the scientia amabilis, the friendly science, eminently suitable for leisured amateurs. Since then, and particularly in this century, it has grown tremendously in its importance and in its intimate contacts with various other disciplines of science, some of which, like plant genetics and plant physiology, at one time indeed used to be included under the broad term botany. In spite of the fact that such subjects have expanded into major scientific fields of their own, botany, the mother science, continues to maintain its central place: this is because it deals with plants which constitute one of the most vital life-supporting systems of this planet. Furthermore, interacting and benefiting from advances made in other sciences, it has steadily progressed in a number of areas. Experimental embryology of vascular plants is one such field where spectacular advances have been made in recent years. The time is therefore particularly opportune for the publication of an authoritative book on the subject. It is very appropriate that the book has been planned and edited by Professor B. M. Johri, one of India's foremost botanists, whose contributions in embryology, plant morphology and morphogenesis are internationally known. He was closely associated over a number of years with Professor P. Maheshwari, the great botanist and embryologist, to whom the book is dedicated. |
| gymnosperms economic importance: Origin and Evolution of Gymnosperms Charles B. Beck, 1988-01 -- Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society |
| gymnosperms economic importance: University Botany Ii : (Gymnosperms, Plant Anatomy, Genetics, Ecology) S M Reddy, S J Chary, 2003 This Book Is Written Strictly In Accordance With The Revised Common Core Syllabus Recommended By Andhra Pradesh State Council Of Higher Education. It Also Caters The Needs Of Undergraduate Students Of Other Indian Universities. This Book Covers Gymnosperms, Plant Anatomy, Genetics And Ecology. Recent Developments In The Subject Matter Have Been Incorporated In The Book. The Book Has A Systematic Presentation. Important Questions And Their Solutions Are Given At The End Of Each Chapter. Every Care Has Been Taken To Present The Subject In A Simple And Lucid Language. The Book Is Profusely Illustrated.This Book Is Written Strictly In Accordance With The Revised Common Core Syllabus Recommended By Andhra Pradesh State Council Of Higher Education. It Also Caters The Needs Of Undergraduate Students Of Other Indian Universities. This Book Covers Gymnosperms, Plant Anatomy, Genetics And Ecology. Recent Developments In The Subject Matter Have Been Incorporated In The Book. The Book Has A Systematic Presentation. Important Questions And Their Solutions Are Given At The End Of Each Chapter. Every Care Has Been Taken To Present The Subject In A Simple And Lucid Language. The Book Is Profusely Illustrated. This Book Is Written Strictly In Accordance With The Revised Common Core Syllabus Recommended By Andhra Pradesh State Council Of Higher Education.It Also Caters The Needs Of Undergraduate Students Of Other Indian Universities. This Book Covers Gymnosperms, Plant Anatomy, Genetics And Ecology. Recent Developments In The Subject Matter Have Been Incorporated In The Book. The Book Has A Systematic Presentation. Important Questions And Their Solutions Are Given At The End Of Each Chapter. Every Care Has Been Taken To Present The Subject In A Simple And Lucid Language. The Book Is Profusely Illustrated. This Book Is Written Strictly In Accordance With The Revised Common Core Syllabus Recommended By Andhra Pradesh State Council Of Higher Education. It Also Caters The Needs Of Undergraduate Students Of Other Indian Universities.This Book Covers Gymnosperms, Plant Anatomy, Genetics And Ecology. Recent Developments In The Subject Matter Have Been Incorporated In The Book. The Book Has A Systematic Presentation. Important Questions And Their Solutions Are Given At The End Of Each Chapter. Every Care Has Been Taken To Present The Subject In A Simple And Lucid Language. The Book Is Profusely Illustrated. |
| gymnosperms economic importance: Plastid Genome Evolution , 2018-02-03 Plastid Genome Evolution, Volume 85 provides a summary of recent research on plastid genome variation and evolution across photosynthetic organisms. It covers topics ranging from the causes and consequences of genomic changes, to the phylogenetic utility of plastomes for resolving relationships across the photosynthetic tree of life. This newly released volume presents thorough, up-to-date information on coevolution between the plastid and nuclear genomes, with chapters on plastid autonomy vs. nuclear control over plastid function, establishment and genetic integration of plastids, plastid genomes in alveolate protists, plastid genomes of glaucophytes, the evolution of the plastid genome in chlorophyte and streptophyte green algae, and more. - Provides comprehensive coverage of plastid genome variation by leading researchers in the field - Presents a broad range of taxonomic groups, ranging from single and multicellular algae, to the major clades of land plants - Includes thorough, up-to-date information on coevolution between the plastid and nuclear genomes |
| gymnosperms economic importance: Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Biology of 1-3 Beta Glucans and Related Polysaccharides Antony Bacic, Geoffrey B. Fincher, Bruce A. Stone, 2009-07-07 Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Biology of 1-3 Beta Glucans and Related Polysaccharides presents a comprehensive, systematic and authoritative survey of information about a family of chemically related, but functionally diverse, naturally occurring polysaccharides--the (1-3)-glucans. International contributors describe the chemical and physicochemical properties of these glucans and their derivatives and the molecular biological and structural aspects of the enzymes involved in their formation and breakdown. A detailed analysis of their physiological roles in the various biological situations in which they are found will be provided. Additionally, evolutionary relationships among the family of these glucans will be described. - Topics of medical relevance include detailing the glucans' interactions with the immune system and research for cancer therapy applications - Web resource links allow scientists to explore additional beta glucan research - Separate indexes divided into Species and Subject for enhanced searchability |
| gymnosperms economic importance: Dendrology: Cones, Flowers, Fruits and Seeds Marilena Idžojtić, 2019-06-28 Dendrology: Cones, Flowers, Fruits and Seeds offers a comprehensive overview of the morphology of reproductive organs of woody plants of Europe in one resource. The book contains 2020 woody taxa (845 species, 58 subspecies, 38 varieties, 13 forms, 40 hybrids and 1026 cultivars), belonging to 400 genera and 121 families. It includes 447 taxa of trees and shrubs that are autochthonous in Europe and numerous ornamental species that originate from North America, Asia, South America, Australia and Africa, along with invasive woody species. Accompanied by thousands of original photographs, the book is designed to efficiently guide the reader to accurate identification. Other features include taxa organized in alphabetical order of their botanical names, flowering and fruiting time, mode of fruit or seed dispersal, and distribution range, making this a must-have reference for students and researchers in dendrology, botany, forestry, forest management and conservation, arboriculture and horticulture. - Includes 2,020 taxa of trees and shrubs important for the European dendrology - Provides detailed descriptions of reproductive organs and data on the reproductive biology of the described taxa - Contains 6,644 original, high-quality photographs of habits, cones, flowers, fruits and seeds |
| gymnosperms economic importance: Inorganic Frameworks as Smart Nanomedicines Alexandru Mihai Grumezescu, 2018-04-09 Inorganic Frameworks as Smart Nanocarriers for Drug Delivery brings together recent research in the area of inorganic frameworks for drug delivery. Different types of nanocarriers are presented and discussed in detail, providing an up-to-date overview on inorganic nanoparticles with pharmaceutical applications. Written by a diverse range of international academics, this book is a valuable reference resource for researchers in biomaterials, the pharmaceutical industry, and those who want to learn more about the current applications of inorganic smart nanocarriers. - Includes assembly methods for a variety of smart nanocarrier systems, also showing how they are applied - Highlights how metal-oxide nanoparticles are effectively used in drug delivery - Assesses the pros and cons of different metallic nanomaterials as drug carriers |
| gymnosperms economic importance: Gymnosperms S. P. Bhatnagar, Alok Moitra, 1996 This text is an examination of gymnosperms. Topics include: progymnosperms and the origin of gymnosperms; pteridospermales; glossopteridales; caytoniales; cycadales; cycadeoidales; pertoxylales; ginkgoales; czekanowskiales; cordaitales; voltziales; coniferales. |
| gymnosperms economic importance: An Introduction to Archegoniate Plants Rashid A., The book covers the entire course on archegoniate plants which is prescribed in the syllabi of different universities for undergraduate students. The presentation is comprehensive and innovative. The book describes different divisions of plant kingdom related to archegoniate plants covering their life cycle, relationship, classification and economic importance. Details of different genera in terms of morphology, anatomy, reproduction and sexuality have been explained with due diagrams. The book also discusses topics like heterospory, seed habit, leaf phylogeny, stellar system, alternation of generations, regeneration in general and special role of germ cells—egg and spore—in life cycle. Experimental studies described in the book highlight the phenomena of apogamy and apospory, their occurrence, induction and alternate role in life cycle. Also given are accounts on micropropagation of gymnosperms and ferns, for commerce and industry. Key Features • Covers Bryophytes, Pteridophytes and Gymnosperms • Loaded with up-to-date information gathered through research results • Supports description through explicit diagrams for clear understanding • Short and to-the-point description so as to cover the entire syllabus within a semester |
| gymnosperms economic importance: Flora of North America: Volume 2: Pteridophytes and Gymnosperms Flora of North America Editorial Committee, 1993 This second volume of the magnificent compendium exhaustively describes and classifys the ferns, fern allies, and gymnosperms of North America. Covering over two dozen fern and half a dozen gymnosperm families, they survey fern species of both ecological and horticultural importance and review such gymnosperm taxa as the conifers (the dominant trees in many forests as well as important timber plants) and cycads, which display significant evolutionary features. In all, the volume assembles 509 species of ferns and fern allies and infraspecific taxa in 70 genera. |
| gymnosperms economic importance: Botany for Degree Students: Gymnosperms Anil Kumar, 2006 Multicolour Illustrative Edition Botany For Degree Students Gymnosperms For Degree Students |
| gymnosperms economic importance: Physiology of Woody Plants Stephen G. Pallardy, 2010-07-20 Woody plants such as trees have a significant economic and climatic influence on global economies and ecologies. This completely revised classic book is an up-to-date synthesis of the intensive research devoted to woody plants published in the second edition, with additional important aspects from the authors' previous book, Growth Control in Woody Plants. Intended primarily as a reference for researchers, the interdisciplinary nature of the book makes it useful to a broad range of scientists and researchers from agroforesters, agronomists, and arborists to plant pathologists and soil scientists. This third edition provides crutial updates to many chapters, including: responses of plants to elevated CO2; the process and regulation of cambial growth; photoinhibition and photoprotection of photosynthesis; nitrogen metabolism and internal recycling, and more. Revised chapters focus on emerging discoveries of the patterns and processes of woody plant physiology.* The only book to provide recommendations for the use of specific management practices and experimental procedures and equipment*Updated coverage of nearly all topics of interest to woody plant physiologists* Extensive revisions of chapters relating to key processes in growth, photosynthesis, and water relations* More than 500 new references * Examples of molecular-level evidence incorporated in discussion of the role of expansion proteins in plant growth; mechanism of ATP production by coupling factor in photosynthesis; the role of cellulose synthase in cell wall construction; structure-function relationships for aquaporin proteins |
| gymnosperms economic importance: Vascular Transport in Plants N. Michelle Holbrook, Maciej A. Zwieniecki, 2011-09-06 Vascular Transport in Plants provides an up-to-date synthesis of new research on the biology of long distance transport processes in plants. It is a valuable resource and reference for researchers and graduate level students in physiology, molecular biology, physiology, ecology, ecological physiology, development, and all applied disciplines related to agriculture, horticulture, forestry and biotechnology. The book considers long-distance transport from the perspective of molecular level processes to whole plant function, allowing readers to integrate information relating to vascular transport across multiple scales. The book is unique in presenting xylem and phloem transport processes in plants together in a comparative style that emphasizes the important interactions between these two parallel transport systems. - Includes 105 exceptional figures - Discusses xylem and phloem transport in a single volume, highlighting their interactions - Syntheses of structure, function and biology of vascular transport by leading authorities - Poses unsolved questions and stimulates future research - Provides a new conceptual framework for vascular function in plants |
| gymnosperms economic importance: College Botany VolumeII (For Degree, Hons. & Postgraduate Students) LPSPE Pandey B.P., 2022 For Degree, Honours and Postgraduate Students |
| gymnosperms economic importance: Modern Biology V. B. Rastogi, 1997 |
| gymnosperms economic importance: Genetics, Genomics and Breeding of Conifers Christophe Plomion, Jean Bousquet, Chittaranjan Kole, 2011-08-10 With contributions by internationally reputed researchers in the field, this book presents the implications of the genomic revolution for conifers—promoting a better understanding of the evolution of these organisms as well as new knowledge about the molecular basis of quantitative trait variation. Both of these discoveries play important roles in their domestication. Topics include cytogenetics, patterns of nucleotide diversity, genetic mapping, integration of molecular markers in breeding, transcriptomics, advances in proteomics and metabolomics in gymnosperms, and economic importance. |
| gymnosperms economic importance: Stable Isotopes and Plant Carbon-Water Relations , 2012-12-02 This 33-chapter volume presents a critical examination of the importance of stable isotopes in understanding key plant metabolic processes. - Carbon isotope analyses for estimates of plant water use and metabolism - Integrated estimates of stress impacts and life history in ecological systems - Hydrogen and oxygen isotope analyses for evaluating water sources and transpiration - Use of stable isotopes in scaling from leaf to global levels - Sections include: History and Theoretical Considerations, Ecological Aspects of Carbon Isotope Variation, Agricultural Aspects of Carbon Isotope Variation, Genetics and Isotopic Variation, Water Relations and Isotopic Composition |
| gymnosperms economic importance: The Evolution of Plants K. J. Willis, J. C. McElwain, 2002-01-10 This is a broad but provocative examination of the evolution of plants from the earliest forms of life to the development of our present flora. Taking a fresh, modern approach to a subject often treated very stuffily, the book incorporates many recent studies on the morphological evolution of plants, enlivens the subject with current research on ancient DNA and other biomolecular markers, and places plant evolution in the context of climate change and mass extinction. Also includes special Biome Maps, showing the flora on the Earth's surface at different geological ages. Written for a non-specialist audience. |
| gymnosperms economic importance: Pump Bill Schutt, 2021-09-21 Fascinating . . . Surprising entertainment, combining deep learning with dad jokes . . . [Schutt] is a natural teacher with an easy way with metaphor.”—The Wall Street Journal In this lively, unexpected look at the hearts of animals—from fish to bats to humans—American Museum of Natural History zoologist Bill Schutt tells an incredible story of evolution and scientific progress. We join Schutt on a tour from the origins of circulation, still evident in microorganisms today, to the tiny hardworking pumps of worms, to the golf-cart-size hearts of blue whales. We visit beaches where horseshoe crabs are being harvested for their blood, which has properties that can protect humans from deadly illnesses. We learn that when temperatures plummet, some frog hearts can freeze solid for weeks, resuming their beat only after a spring thaw. And we journey with Schutt through human history, too, as philosophers and scientists hypothesize, often wrongly, about what makes our ticker tick. Schutt traces humanity’s cardiac fascination from the ancient Greeks and Egyptians, who believed that the heart contains the soul, all the way up to modern-day laboratories, where scientists use animal hearts and even plants as the basis for many of today’s cutting-edge therapies. Written with verve and authority, weaving evolutionary perspectives with cultural history, Pump shows us this mysterious organ in a completely new light. |
| gymnosperms economic importance: , |
| gymnosperms economic importance: Long Noncoding RNAs in Plants Santosh Kumar Upadhyay, 2020-11-13 The growth of human population has increased the demand for improved yield and quality of crops and horticultural plants. However, plant productivity continues to be threatened by stresses such as heat, cold, drought, heavy metals, UV radiations, bacterial and fungal pathogens, and insect pests. Long noncoding RNAs are associated with various developmental pathways, regulatory systems, abiotic and biotic stress responses and signaling, and can provide an alternative strategy for stress management in plants. Long Noncoding RNAs in Plants: Roles in development and stress provides the most recent advances in LncRNAs, including identification, characterization, and their potential applications and uses. Introductory chapters include the basic features and brief history of development of lncRNAs studies in plants. The book then provides the knowledge about the lncRNAs in various important agricultural and horticultural crops such as cereals, legumes, fruits, vegetables, and fiber crop cotton, and their roles and applications in abiotic and biotic stress management. - Includes the latest advances and research in long noncoding RNAs in plants - Provides alternative strategies for abiotic and biotic stress management in horticultural plants and agricultural crops - Focuses on the application and uses of long noncoding RNAs |
| gymnosperms economic importance: Paleobotany, Gymnosperm & Morphology of Angiosperm Dr. Yogesh P Patil , 2021-07-16 The present book entitled Paleobotany, Gymnosperm & Morphology of Angiosperm has been written with the feeling that it will usefully serve the purpose of B.Sc. students. Basic as well as modern views are considered. Informative & understandable diagrams have been incorporated inthis book. The content is very simple. In preparation of book many books & papers have been consulted. I hope that this book will continue to serve its purpose in understanding thebasic principles of Botany & Morphology of Angiosperm for securing maximum marks in examination by the students. |
| gymnosperms economic importance: Empire of the Scalpel Ira Rutkow, 2023-02-14 From an eminent surgeon and historian comes the “by turns fascinating and ghastly” (The New York Times Book Review, Editors’ Choice) story of surgery’s development—from the Stone Age to the present day—blending meticulous medical research with vivid storytelling. There are not many life events that can be as simultaneously frightening and hopeful as a surgical operation. In America, tens-of-millions of major surgical procedures are performed annually, yet few of us consider the magnitude of these figures because we have such inherent confidence in surgeons. And, despite passionate debates about health care and the media’s endless fascination with surgery, most of us have no idea how the first surgeons came to be because the story of surgery has never been fully told. Now, Empire of the Scalpel elegantly reveals surgery’s fascinating evolution from its early roots in ancient Egypt to its refinement in Europe and rise to scientific dominance in the United States. From the 16th-century saga of Andreas Vesalius and his crusade to accurately describe human anatomy while appeasing the conservative clergy who clamored for his burning at the stake, to the hard-to-believe story of late-19th century surgeons’ apathy to Joseph Lister’s innovation of antisepsis and how this indifference led to thousands of unnecessary surgical deaths, Empire of the Scalpel is both a global history and a uniquely American tale. You’ll discover how in the 20th century the US achieved surgical leadership, heralded by Harvard’s Joseph Murray and his Nobel Prize–winning, seemingly impossible feat of transplanting a kidney, which ushered in a new era of transplants that continues to make procedures once thought insurmountable into achievable successes. Today, the list of possible operations is almost infinite—from knee and hip replacement to heart bypass and transplants to fat reduction and rhinoplasty—and “Rutkow has a raconteur’s touch” (San Francisco Chronicle) as he draws on his five-decade career to show us how we got here. Comprehensive, authoritative, and captivating, Empire of the Scalpel is “a fascinating, well-rendered story of how the once-impossible became a daily reality” (Kirkus Reviews, starred review). |
| gymnosperms economic importance: Biodiversity of the Himalaya: Jammu and Kashmir State Ghulam Hassan Dar, Anzar A. Khuroo, 2020-02-26 The Himalaya, a global biodiversity hotspot, sustains about one-fifth of the humankind. Nestled within the north-western mountain ranges of the Himalaya, the Jammu and Kashmir (J&K) State harbours more than half of the biodiversity found in the Indian Himalaya. The wide expanse of State, spread across the subtropical Jammu, through the temperate Kashmir valley, to the cold arid Ladakh, is typical representative of the extensive elevational and topographical diversity encountered in the entire Himalaya. This book, the most comprehensive and updated synthesis ever made available on biodiversity of the J&K State, is a valuable addition to the biodiversity literature with global and regional relevance. The book, arranged into 7 parts, comprises of 42 chapters contributed by 87 researchers, each of whom is an expert in his/her own field of research. The precious baseline data contained in the book would form the foundation for assessing current status of knowledge about the bioresources, identify the knowledge gaps, and help prioritization of conservation strategies to steer the sustainable use of biodiversity in this Himalayan region. Given the breadth of topics covered under the banner of biodiversity in this book, it can surely serve as a model for documentation of biodiversity in other regions of the world. The book will be of immense value to all those who, directly or indirectly, have to deal with biodiversity, including students, teachers, researchers, naturalists, environmentalists, resource managers, planners, government agencies, NGOs and the general public at large. |
| gymnosperms economic importance: Flora and Vegetation of Nepal Maan Bahadur Rokaya, |
| gymnosperms economic importance: College Botany - Volume II BP Pandey, 2001 This book is contain Pteridophyta,Gymnosperms and Palaeobotany compilation work and embodies a fairly comprehensive treatment of the fundamental facts and aspects of the subject. This book will serve as an introduction to Botany to the beginners in this field. |
| gymnosperms economic importance: Educart CBSE Question Bank Class 11 Biology 2024-25 (For 2025 Board Exams) Educart, 2024-06-17 What You Get: Time Management ChartsSelf-evaluation ChartCompetency-based Q’sMarking Scheme Charts Educart Class 11 ‘Biology’ Question Bank Strictly based on the latest CBSE Curriculum released on March 31st, 2023All New Pattern Questions including past 10 years Q’s & from DIKSHA platformLots of solved questions with Detailed Explanations including Exemplar Solutions for all questionsCaution Points to work on common mistakes made during the exam Simplified NCERT theory with diagram, flowcharts, bullet points, and tablesIncludes Case-Based Examples along with topic-wise notes.Extra Competency-based questions as per the latest CBSE pattern Why choose this book? You can find the simplified complete with diagrams, flowcharts, bullet points, and tablesBased on the revised CBSE pattern for competency-based questionsEvaluate your performance with the self-evaluation charts |
| gymnosperms economic importance: Pteridophytes and Gymnosperms K.U. Kramer, Peter Shaw Green, P.S. Green, 1990-09-28 This encyclopedia offers access to the diversity of ferns and seed plants, the most important groups of green land plants. Available information of general and systematic relevance is synthesized at the level of families. Evidence from virtually all disciplines important to modern taxonomy makes the work a most valuable source of reference not only for taxonomists, but for all who are interested in the various aspects of plant diversity. A revised classification includes a complete inventory of genera along with their diagnostic features, keys for identification, and references to the literature. The first volume deals with pteridophytes and gymnosperms. |
| gymnosperms economic importance: (Botany) Diversity of Microbes, Algae,Fungi And Archegoniates (Major/Minor/MDC) Book Dr. Romesh Singh Bhaal , Dr. Komal, 2023-10-01 Revised Curriculum and Credit Framework of Under Graduate Programme, Haryana According to KUK/CRS University Syllabus as Per NEP-2020. |
| gymnosperms economic importance: ISC Biology XI Sarita Aggarwal, S. Chand's ICSE Biology, by Sarita Aggarwal, is strictly in accordance with the latest syllabus prescribed by the Council for the Indian School Certificate Examinations (CISCE), New Delhi. The book aims at simplifying the content matter and give clarity of concepts, so that the students feel con dent about the subject as well as the competitive exams |
| gymnosperms economic importance: A Textbook of ISC Biology XI Sarita Aggarwal, A Textbook of ISC Biology for Class XI |
| gymnosperms economic importance: NCERT Solutions - Biology for Class 11th Poonam Sharma, 2014-01-01 NCERT Textbooks play the most vital role in developing student’s understanding and knowledge about a subject and the concepts or topics covered under a particular subject. Keeping in mind this immense importance and significance of the NCERT Textbooks in mind, Arihant has come up with a unique book containing Questions-Answers of NCERT Textbook based questions. This book containing solutions to NCERT Textbook questions has been designed for the students studying in Class XI following the NCERT Textbook for Biology. The present book has been divided into 22 Chapters namely Biological Classification, Plant Kingdom, Animal Kingdom, Biomolecules, Mineral Nutrition, Respiration in Plants, Digestion & Absorption, Anatomy of Flowering Plants, Cell Cycle & Cell Division, Respiration in Plants, Body Fluids & Circulation, Morphology of Flowering Plants, Locomotion & Movement, etc covering the syllabi of Biology for Class XI. This book has been worked out with an aim of overall development of the students in such a way that it will help students define the way how to write the answers of the textbook based questions. The book covers selected NCERT Exemplar Problems which will help the students understand the type of questions and answers to be expected in the Class XI Biology Examination. Also each chapter in the book begins with a summary of the chapter which will help in effective understanding of the theme of the chapter and to make sure that the students will be able to answer all popular questions concerned to a particular chapter whether it is Long Answer Type or Short Answer Type Question. For the overall benefit of students the book has been designed in such a way that it not only gives solutions to all the exercises but also gives detailed explanations which will help the students in learning the concepts and will enhance their thinking and learning abilities. As the book has been designed strictly according to the NCERT Textbook of Biology for Class XI and contains simplified text material in the form of class room notes and answers to all the questions in lucid language, it for sure will help the Class XI students in an effective way for Biology. |
| gymnosperms economic importance: Botany for B.Sc. Students Semester I: Introduction to Microbes and Plant Kingdom (NEP 2020 -Jammu) Pandey B.P., This book is contain Pteridophyta,Gymnosperms and Palaeobotany compilation work and embodies a fairly comprehensive treatment of the fundamental facts and aspects of the subject. This book will serve as an introduction to Botany to the beginners in this field. |
| gymnosperms economic importance: General Studies Manual Paper-1 2022 Dr. Priya Goel, Jenmenjay Sahni, Vivek Singh, Deepika Singla, Tushar Shukla, Amibh Ranjan, Rakesh Kumar Roshan, Ekta Soni, Sahana Ansari, Dr Poonam Singh, 2021-12-20 1. General Studies Paper – 1 is the best- selling book particularly designed for the civil services Preliminary examinations. 2. This book is divided into 6 major sections covering the complete syllabus as per UPSC pattern 3. Special Section is provided for Current Affairs covering events, Summits and Conferences 4. simple and lucid language used for better understanding of concepts 5. 5 Crack Sets are given for practice 6. Practice Questions provides Topicwise Questions and Previous Years’ Solved Papers With our all time best selling edition of “General Studies Manual Paper 1” is a guaranteed success package which has been designed to provide the complete coverage to all subjects as per prescribed pattern along with the updated and authentic content. The book provides the conventional Subjects like History, Geography, Polity and General Science that are thoroughly updated along with Chapterwise and Sectionwise questions. Contemporary Topics likes; Indian Economy, Environment & Ecology, Science & Technology and General Awareness have also been explained with latest facts and figures to ease the understanding about the concepts in this book. Current events of national and international interest have been listed in a separate section. Practice Sets are given at the end, keeping in view the trend of the questions coming in exams. Lastly, More than 5000 Most Important Points for Revision are provided in the attached booklet of the guide. It is a must have tool that proves to be one point solution for the preparf Civil Services Preliminary Examination. TOC Solved Paper 2021-2018, Indian History and Indian National Movement, India and World Geography, Indian Polity and Governance, Indian Economy, General Science & Science and Technology, General Knowledge & Computer Technology, Practice: Topicewise Questions, Current Affairs, Crack Sets (1-5). |
| gymnosperms economic importance: The Plants of China De-Yuan Hong, Stephen Blackmore, 2015-04-23 A unique addition to the botanical literature, this book presents the flora of China in its astonishing diversity. |
| gymnosperms economic importance: Genetics Classical To Modern P. K. Gupta, 1900 1. Genetics, Epigenetics and Genomics: An Overview 2. Mendel's Laws of Inheritance3. Lethality and Interaction of Genes 4. Genetics of Quantitative Traits (QTs): 1. Mendelian Approach (Multiple Factor Hypothesis)5. Genetics of Quantitative Traits:2. Biometrical Approach6. Genetics of Quantitative Traits: 3. Molecular Markers and QTL Analysis7. Genetics of Quantitative Traits:4. Linkage Disequilibrium (LD) and Association Mapping8. Multiple Alleles and Isoalleles9. Physical Basis of Heredity1. The Chromosome Theory of Inheritance10. Physical Basis of Heredity2. The Nucleus and the Chromosome11. |
| gymnosperms economic importance: Encyclopedia of Reproduction , 2018-06-29 Encyclopedia of Reproduction, Second Edition, Six Volume Set comprehensively reviews biology and abnormalities, also covering the most common diseases in humans, such as prostate and breast cancer, as well as normal developmental biology, including embryogenesis, gestation, birth and puberty. Each article provides a comprehensive overview of the selected topic to inform a broad spectrum of readers, from advanced undergraduate students, to research professionals. Chapters also explore the latest advances in cloning, stem cells, endocrinology, clinical reproductive medicine and genomics. As reproductive health is a fundamental component of an individual’s overall health status and a central determinant of quality of life, this book provides the most extensive and authoritative reference within the field. Provides a one-stop shop for information on reproduction that is not available elsewhere Includes extensive coverage of the full range of topics, from basic, to clinical considerations, including evolutionary advances in molecular, cellular, developmental and clinical sciences Includes multimedia and interactive teaching tools, such as downloadable PowerPoint slides, video content and interactive elements, such as the Virtual Microscope |
